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Glycerine purification via biocatalysis and column adsorption for high-quality applications
Responsibility
Title Commissioner Project number Document Author(s) Number of pages Glycerine purification via bio-catalysis and column adsorption for highquality applications SenterNovem 0656.632 0656632-R06 Ir. A. Hoogendoorn, Ir. T. Adriaans (Ingenia) Dr.ir. J.M.N. van Kasteren, K.M. JayarajB.Sc. (TU/e) 90
Authorisation Date
A. Hoogendoorn 12 November 2007
Dit project is uitgevoerd met subsidie van het Ministerie voor Economische Zaken; Besluit Energie Onderzoek Subsidie: Lange Termijn (NEO) This project was executed with a grant from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; Besluit Energie Onderzoek Subsidie: Lange Termijn (NEO)
Ingenia Consultants & Engineers
Postbus9550 | 5602 LN Eindhoven | Van Thienenlaan 5a | 5622 BA Eindhoven | The Netherlands T + 31-(0)40-239 30 30 | F + 31-(0)40-239 30 39 | E info@ingenia.nl | I www.ingenia.nl
Ingenia © 2007
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as withthe written permission of Ingenia. This publication has been composed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter. However Ingenia is not liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damage, caused by the use or application of the information of or data from this publication, or the impossibility to use or apply this informationand/or these data. Ingenia is a legally protected and registered trademark of Ingenia (Bureau Benelux des Marques dep.nr. 100.09.58) .
Report nr. 0656632-R06
Date: 26-10-2007 www.ingenia.nl
Page: 2 of 90
Index
1 Introduction.....................................................................................................7
1.1 1.2Objective....................................................................................................................7 Background................................................................................................................7
2
Current situation in biodiesel-based glycerin ..................................................9
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Biodiesel production technology overview................................................................9 Biodiesel market development ................................................................................11 Number of plants, feedstock, development in time .................................................13 Glycerin from biodiesel production ..........................................................................13 Current glycerin marketand typical glycerin applications .......................................15 Quality requirements for high-purity applications ....................................................21
3
Producing cleaner glycerin at the biodiesel plant.......................................... 23
3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.2 3.3 Biodiesel production with heterogeneous bio-catalysts..........................................23 Process explanation & literature reviews ................................................................23 Types of enzymes and lipases ................................................................................26 Factors affecting lipase activity & enzymatic transesterification .............................27 Comparison with chemicaltrans-esterification ........................................................31 Relationship between bio-catalyst and purity ..........................................................31 Critical points of biodiesel production with bio-catalysts .........................................32 Biodiesel production with heterogeneous metallic catalysts ...................................34 Conclusions...
Responsibility
Title Commissioner Project number Document Author(s) Number of pages Glycerine purification via bio-catalysis and column adsorption for highquality applications SenterNovem 0656.632 0656632-R06 Ir. A. Hoogendoorn, Ir. T. Adriaans (Ingenia) Dr.ir. J.M.N. van Kasteren, K.M. JayarajB.Sc. (TU/e) 90
Authorisation Date
A. Hoogendoorn 12 November 2007
Dit project is uitgevoerd met subsidie van het Ministerie voor Economische Zaken; Besluit Energie Onderzoek Subsidie: Lange Termijn (NEO) This project was executed with a grant from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs; Besluit Energie Onderzoek Subsidie: Lange Termijn (NEO)
Ingenia Consultants & Engineers
Postbus9550 | 5602 LN Eindhoven | Van Thienenlaan 5a | 5622 BA Eindhoven | The Netherlands T + 31-(0)40-239 30 30 | F + 31-(0)40-239 30 39 | E info@ingenia.nl | I www.ingenia.nl
Ingenia © 2007
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as withthe written permission of Ingenia. This publication has been composed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter. However Ingenia is not liable for any direct, indirect, incidental or consequential damage, caused by the use or application of the information of or data from this publication, or the impossibility to use or apply this informationand/or these data. Ingenia is a legally protected and registered trademark of Ingenia (Bureau Benelux des Marques dep.nr. 100.09.58) .
Report nr. 0656632-R06
Date: 26-10-2007 www.ingenia.nl
Page: 2 of 90
Index
1 Introduction.....................................................................................................7
1.1 1.2Objective....................................................................................................................7 Background................................................................................................................7
2
Current situation in biodiesel-based glycerin ..................................................9
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Biodiesel production technology overview................................................................9 Biodiesel market development ................................................................................11 Number of plants, feedstock, development in time .................................................13 Glycerin from biodiesel production ..........................................................................13 Current glycerin marketand typical glycerin applications .......................................15 Quality requirements for high-purity applications ....................................................21
3
Producing cleaner glycerin at the biodiesel plant.......................................... 23
3.1 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.2 3.3 Biodiesel production with heterogeneous bio-catalysts..........................................23 Process explanation & literature reviews ................................................................23 Types of enzymes and lipases ................................................................................26 Factors affecting lipase activity & enzymatic transesterification .............................27 Comparison with chemicaltrans-esterification ........................................................31 Relationship between bio-catalyst and purity ..........................................................31 Critical points of biodiesel production with bio-catalysts .........................................32 Biodiesel production with heterogeneous metallic catalysts ...................................34 Conclusions...
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