Going to

Going to
There is no one 'future tense' in English. There are 4 future forms. The one which is used most often in spoken English is 'going to', not 'will'.
We use 'going to' when we want to talk about a plan for the future.
I'm going to see him later today.
They're going to launch it next month.
We're going to have lunch first.
She's going to see what she can do.
I'm not going to talk for verylong.
Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.
When I retire I'm going to go back to Barbados to live.
In ten years time, I'm going to be boss of my own successful company.
We use 'going to' when we want to make a prediction based on evidence we can see now.
Look out! That cup is going to fall off.
Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain soon.
These figures are reallybad. We're going to make a loss.
You look very tired. You're going to need to stop soon.
We can replace 'going to go' by 'going'.
I'm going out later.
She's going to the exhibition tomorrow.

 

Will future
Some people have been taught that 'will' is 'the future' in English. This is not correct. Sometimes when we talk about the future we cannot use 'will'. Sometimes when we use 'will' we are nottalking about the future.
We can use 'will' to talk about future events we believe to be certain.
The sun will rise over there tomorrow morning.
Next year, I'll be 50.
That plane will be late. It always is.
There won't be any snow. I'm certain. It's too warm.
Often we add 'perhaps', 'maybe', 'probably', 'possibly' to make the belief less certain.
I'll probably come back later.
He'll possibly findout when he sees Jenny.
Maybe it will be OK.
Perhaps we'll meet again some day.
We often use 'will' with 'I think' or 'I hope'.
I think I'll go to bed now.
I think she'll do well in the job.
I hope you'll enjoy your stay.
I hope you won't make too much noise.
We use 'will' at the moment we make a new decision or plan. The thought has just come into our head.
Bye. I'll phone you when I get there.I'll answer that.
I'll go.
I won't tell him. I promise.
 

Shall
We don't use 'Shall' very frequently in modern English, particularly in American English.
It is used to make offers and suggestions and to ask for advice.
What time shall we meet?
Shall we vote on it now?
What dress shall I wear?
Shall I open the window?
You only really need to know that about 'shall' in modern English. Read the restof this only if you want to know more about how some older speakers still use 'shall'.
Formerly, in older grammar, 'shall' was used as an alternative to 'will' with 'I' and 'we'. Today, 'will' is normally used. When we do use 'shall', it has an idea of a more personal, subjective future.
I shall go to see the boss and I shall ask him to explain this decision.
Notice that the negative of 'shall' canbe 'shall not' or 'shan't' – though the second one is now very rare in American English.
I don't like these people and I shall not go to their party.
I shan't object if you go without me.
 
 

Los componentes del humo del tabaco

Tweet

La nicotina es el componente más conocido del humo del tabaco, entre otras razones porque es el más adictivo de todos ellos. Actúa sobre un neurotransmisor queregula la secreción de más de 200 sustancias neuroquímicas encargadas de las diferentes funciones del organismo. Además, la nicotina genera en el cerebro la liberación de dopamina, que proporciona la sensación de satisfacción y recompensa, y activa la noradrenalina, encargada de calmar la sensación de ansiedad y la irritabilidad.

Pero, además de la nicotina, el humo del tabaco que se inhala concada bocanada contiene al menos 4.865 sustancias, entre las que figuran numerosas toxinas y carcinógenos:

Sustancias carcinógenas
Alquitranes: Es un componente del asfalto con el que hacen las carreteras y actúa dañando el núcleo celular, lo que favorece la aparición de patologías tumorales. Uno de sus componentes, la creosota, es especialmente carcinógeno.
Cloruro de vinilo: Está presente en...