Historia De La Computadora

HISTORY OF COMPUTER
The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of computer science that emerged in the 20th century, and hinted at in the centuries prior. Theprogression, from mechanical inventions and mathematical theories towards the modern concepts and machines, formed a major academic field and the basis of a massive worldwide industry.
The earliest known toolfor use in computation was the abacus, developed in period 2700–2300 BC inSumer. The Sumerians' abacus consisted of a table of successive columns which delimited the successive orders of magnitude oftheir sexagesimal number system.[2] Its original style of usage was by lines drawn in sand with pebbles. Abaci of a more modern design are still used as calculation tools today.
The Antikytheramechanism is believed to be the earliest known mechanical analog computer.[3] It was designed to calculate astronomical positions. It was discovered in 1901 in the Antikythera wreck off the Greek island ofAntikythera, between Kythera and Crete, and has been dated to c. 100 BC. Technological artifacts of similar complexity did not reappear until the 14th century, when mechanical astronomicalclocks appeared in Europe.[4]
Mechanical analog computing devices appeared a thousand years later in the medieval Islamic world. Examples of devices from this period include the equatorium by Arzachel,[5] themechanical geared astrolabe by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī,[6] and the torquetum by Jabir ibn Aflah.[7] Muslim engineers built a number of automata, including some musical automata that could be 'programmed'to play different musical patterns. These devices were developed by the Banū Mūsā brothers[8] and Al-Jazari[9] Muslim mathematicians also made important advances in cryptography, such as thedevelopment of cryptanalysis and frequency analysis by Alkindus.[10]
When John Napier discovered logarithms for computational purposes in the early 17th century, there followed a period of considerable...