historia Pri en mexico

Development Discussion Papers
Central America Project Series

Políticas e Incentivos que Contribuyen
al Mejoramiento del Desempeño
y Motivación de los Maestros
Claudia Uribe
Development Discussion Paper No. 724
October 1999

© Copyright 1999 Claudia Uribe
and President and Fellows of Harvard College

Harvard Institute for
International Development
HARVARD UNIVERSITY'(9(/230(17',6&866,213$3(56
&(175$/$0(5,&$352-(&76(5,(6
$

7+(

&

3

52-(&7 2)

(175$/

$

+

$59$5'

0(5,&$1

%

8

1,9(56,7<

$1. )25

(



, 1 & $ (

&2120,&

,

$1'

17(*5$7,21

Políticas e Incentivos que Contribuyen
al Mejoramiento del Desempeño y Motivación de los Maestros
(The Politics and Incentives that Contribute
to theImprovement of Teacher Performance and Motivation)
Claudia Uribe *

Abstract
The development of educational policies that aim to improve teacher’s performance and
motivation, and thus of the schools in which they work, requires of a better understanding of the
incentives—or disincentives—that underlie the teaching profession. Factors such as the low
salaries and status of teaching, the lackof rewards, support, evaluation and professional
development opportunities, not only undermine current teachers’ motivation and but also
discourage future candidates into the profession creating a vicious cycle of low motivation and
performance. This paper reviews some of the incentives’ schemes that have been used in several
countries around the world y presents the lessons that havebeen learned so far about their
potentials and shortcomings. As a conclusion, the author argues that incentives’ policies that
target both teachers and schools are necessary to mobilize education systems towards change and
improvement. However, they must not be seen as a quick and cheap solution to the complex
problems of the education sector.
Keywords: teacher incentives, schoolincentives, merit pay, career ladders, teacher salaries,
teacher evaluation
JEL codes: H52, I20, I21, N36

Claudia Uribe is a doctoral student at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She has
collaborated with HIID in several education projects since 1992.
*This paper was prepared for the “Conference on Education Reform in Central America” organized by the Harvard
Institute forInternational Development (HIID) and Programs for Professional Development (PPE) of the Harvard
Graduate School of Education, January 23-25, 1999. An earlier version of this paper was prepared for the World
Bank, South Asia Education Group and presented to the educational authorities in Bangladesh.

(175$/ 0(5,&$ !52-(&7

Politicas e Incentivos que Contribuyen al Mejoramiento delDesempeno y Motivacion de los Maestros

Políticas e Incentivos que Contribuyen
al Mejoramiento del Desempeño y Motivación de los Maestros
(The Politics and Incentives that Contribute
to the Improvement of Teacher Performance and Motivation)
Claudia Uribe

Tabla de Contenidos
I.Introduccion................................................................................................................. 1

II. ¿Por qué son importantes las políticas e incentivos que
contribuyen a mejorar el desempeño y motivacion de los maestros?.......................... 4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Selección ................................................................................................................. 6
Evaluación, Supervisión y Rendición deCuentas................................................... 7
Desarrollo Profesional y Sistemas de Apoyo a la Docencia ................................... 8
Recompensa y Reconocimiento ............................................................................ 10
Condiciones del Lugar de Trabajo ........................................................................ 11

III. Incentivos para Los Maestros...