Historia universal

What were the French wars of religion?
Series of conflicts in France between Catholics and Huguenots (Protestants) from 1562 to 1598, to gain control of the country.
Who was Henry IV?
Henry the Great, King of France and Navarre, who participated in the wars of religion before ascending to the throne in 1589 and making the Edict of Nantes, which guaranteed religious liberties to theprotestants and ended the civil war.
What was the Thirty years war? What was the peace of Westphalia?
The war of the thirty years was a religious conflict between Catholics and Protestants that took place in what today is Germany in 1618-1648. It started as a religious war, but became political. All countries in Europe were involved, except for England. The peace of Westphalia was the treat that endedthe war and stated that all German states could determine their own religion and foreign policy. The Holy Roman Empire disappears and Germany is divided in independent kingdoms.
Who was Philip II and what was the Armada Invencible?
Philip II was the king of Spain during the wars with France and England. The Armada Invencible was the Spanish fleet that invaded England, but was defeated by 200English ships.
What is democracy?
Democracy is a political system in which the power resides on the citizens who can elect the people that represents them.
What is autocracy?
Autocracy is the concentration of power to only one person.
What is absolutism?
Political system in which the power belongs to a single individual or group of people.
Who was Louis XIV?
Absolutist king of France,also known as The Sun King and Louis the Great, reigned longer than any European monarch and increased the power and influence of France, not only politically, but also in the cultural area. He was antiprotestant and fought several wars.
Who was Peter the Great?
Peter the Great was an absolutist Russian czar, who transformed Russia into an Empire and made it a European power.

Explain theemergence of Prussia and Austria
Prussia emerged when the Junkers, who were great landed nobles, became powerful and took part in the army under Hohenzollern power in Brandenburg. Prussia counted with many mineral sources such as zinc, coal and copper. King Frederick William unified the government and centralized the finances system. Austria was formed by the Austria-Hapsburgs (national groups) andoccupied what are Austria, Czech Republic and Hungary nowadays.
What is the civil war or the English Revolution? Who was the leader?
The civil war was a series of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists (who supported monarchy). The king during this war was Charles I, and the leader of the Parliamentarians was Oliver Cromwell.
What was the Glorious Revolution?
The GloriousRevolution was the overthrow of James II of England by a union of Parliamentarians and William of Orange, who as a result ascended to the throne as William III of England. James II was overthrown because he was Catholic, and the English demanded a Protestant governor.
What is the artistic movement that followed Renaissance and Mannerism?
The Baroque, which was considered a bizarre and over decoratedstyle.
What is the Scientific Revolution?
Period in which there were many transformations of scientific ideas related to astronomy, physics, biology, chemistry etc.
What is the Ptolemaic system?
Geocentric theory, in which they thought that the Earth was the center of the Universe.
Who was Galileo Galilei? Copernicus? Newton? Descartes?
Galileo was an Italian mathematician, astronomer andphysicist. “I know nothing.” Copernicus was an astronomer who proposed the heliocentric theory, which said that the Sun was the center of the Universe and that all the other planets rotated around it, and themselves. Newton was a physicist and mathematician, who made a lot of discoveries in both areas. One of his most important works was the three laws of motion (action-reaction,...