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Contrast

. but / yet: followed by a noun phrase or a sentence. 
‘The book is short but / yet interesting’

. in spite of / despite: It is placed at the beginning or in the middle of thesentence.
‘He arrived on time despite / in spite of getting up late’

although / though/ even though / in spite of the fact that: followed by a complete sentence. They can be placed at the beginningor in the middle of the sentence. If it is placed at the beginning we need to use a comma after the clause.  
  ‘Although / though / even though / in spite of the fact that the pupils had not studied,they all passed their exams’. 
  
. however, nevertheless, even so, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary: 
‘He was quite ill however/ nevertheless/ even so, he went to school’
  . while, whereas   
‘This film is very interesting, while/whereas that one is quite boring’  

Reason and cause

. because, as since, seeing that:  
‘Because / as / since / seeing that it’s late, we shouldgo home’ 

. because of, on account of, owing to, due to: 
    ‘Because of / on account of / owing to / due to the weather, we stayed at home’

. in order to, so as to, to: 
‘She uses her video inorder to / so as to / to record TV programmes’ 

Add information

. for example, for instante, such as: 
‘Vegetables are a good source of vitamins: for example / for instance, oranges have vitamin C’ . more over, furthermore, besides, in addition to: 
‘In addition to soul music, she likes rap’ 

. apart from, except for: 
‘Apart from English, she speaks French’.

Succession

. - First of all /Firstly / To begin with / First …. 
 - Second / Secondly / Then … 
 - Third / Thirdly / After that...
 - The next stage … 
 - Finally / in short / to sum up / in conclusion / lastly / last but not least…    
 Result

. As a result of: 
‘As a result of his brave action, he was awarded a military medal. 

Therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason: 
‘Consequently / for this reason, it...