Homosexualidad en ingles

Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality refers to "an enduring pattern of ordisposition to experience sexual, affectional, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same sex; "it also refers to an individual's sense of personal and social identity based onthose attractions, behaviors expressing them, and membership in a community of others who share them." The most common terms for homosexual people are lesbian for women and gay for men, though gay isalso used to refer generally to homosexual men and women.
Psychology was one of the first disciplines to study a homosexual orientation as a discrete phenomenon. The first attempts to classifyhomosexuality as a disease were made by the fledgling European sexologist movement in the late 19th century. In 1886 noted sexologist Richard von Krafft-Ebing listed homosexuality along with 200 othercase studies of deviant sexual practices in his definitive work, Psychopathia Sexualis. Krafft-Ebing proposed that homosexuality was caused by either "congenital [during birth] inversion" or an "acquiredinversion". In the last two decades of the 19th century, a different view began to predominate in medical and psychiatric circles, judging such behavior as indicative of a type of person with adefined and relatively stable sexual orientation. In the late 19th century and early 20th century, pathological models of homosexuality were standard.
The American Psychological Association, the AmericanPsychiatric Association, and the National Association of Social Workers state:
| In 1952, when the American Psychiatric Association published its first Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, homosexuality was included as a disorder. Almost immediately, however, that classification began to be subjected to critical scrutiny in research funded by the National Institute of Mental...