Ingeniero

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Using Imported Graphics in L TEX and pdfL TEX
Keith Reckdahl
epslatex at yahoo dot com
Version 3.0.1
January 12, 2006

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This document describes first how to import graphics into L TEX documents and
then covers a wide variety issues about their use. Readers can locate specific information by checking the Table of Contents starting on page 5 or the Index starting
on page 122.Importing graphics begins with specifying the graphicx package
\usepackage{graphicx}

and then using the \includegraphics command to insert the file
\includegraphics{file}

The \includegraphics command is covered in more detail in Section 7 on Page 22.
This document is divided into the following five parts
Part I: Background Information
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This part provides historical information and describesbasic L TEX terminology. It also

• The Encapsulated PostScript (eps) format, differences between eps and
ps files, and methods for converting non-eps graphics to eps.
• The graphic formats that can be directly imported with pdfTEX (jpeg,
png, pdf, MetaPost) are described.
• Freeware/Shareware graphics software is described.
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Part II: The L TEX Graphics Bundle
This part describes thecommands in the graphics bundle which import, scale,
and rotate graphics. This part covers much of the information in the graphics
bundle documentation [7].

Part III: Using Graphics Inclusion Commands
This part describes how the graphics bundle commands are used to import,
rotate, and scale graphics. Three situations where graphics inclusion is modified
are also covered:
© Copyright 1995-2006by Keith Reckdahl. Reproduction and distribution is allowed under terms
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of the L TEX Project Public License (LPPL). See http://www.latex-project.org/lppl/ for the
details of the LPPL license.

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• Compressed eps files and non-eps graphic formats (tiff, gif, jpeg,
pict, etc.) can also be inserted on-the-fly when dvips is used with an
operating system which supports pipes (such as Unix).When using other
operating systems, the non-eps graphics must be converted to eps beforehand.
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Since neither L TEX nor dvips has any built-in decompression or graphicsconversion capabilities, that software must be provided by the user.
• Since many graphics applications support only ascii text, the psfrag
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system allows text in eps files to be replaced with L TEX symbols or
mathematicalexpressions.
• When an eps graphic is inserted multiple times (such as a logo behind the
text or in the page header) the final PostScript includes multiple copies
of the graphics. When the graphics are not bitmapped, a smaller final
PostScript file can be obtained by defining a PostScript command for the
graphics.
Part IV: The figure Environment
There are several advantages to placing graphics infigure environments. Figure
environments automatically number graphics, allowing them to be referenced
or included in a table of contents. Since the figures can float to avoid poor
page breaks, it is much easier to produce a professional-looking document.
In addition to general information about the figure environment, this section
describes the following figure-related topics:
• How to customizethe figure environment, such as adjusting figure placement, figure spacing, caption spacing, and adding horizontal line between
the figure and the text. Caption formatting can also be customized, allowing users to modify the style, width, and font of captions.
• How to create marginal figures and wide figures which extend into the
margins.
• How to produce figures with landscape orientation in aportrait document.
• How to place captions beside the figure instead of below or above the
figure.
• For two-sided documents, how to ensure that a figure appears on an odd
or even page. Also, how to ensure that two figures appear on facing pages.
• How to create boxed figures.
Part V: Complex Figures
This part describes how to construct complex figures that contain multiple
graphics.
• How to...