Ingles

República Bolivariana de Venezuela.
Ministerio de La Defensa.
Universidad Nacional Experimental de las Fuerza Armada Nacional.













The structure of the English sentence.























Prof. María Dolores González G.





The structure of the English sentence.

Elements of the sentence.


Sentence.
The sentence isa complete unit of meaning which contains a subject and verb and others words which makeup the meaning.
Elements of the sentences.

Subject.
The subject is the person, thing or animal the sentence is about. Usually, it is the first part of the sentences.
Verb.
The verb names and asserts the action or state of the sentence.
Object.
Theobject is the person or thing which is affected by the action of the verb. Objects come in two types.
❖ The Direct Object. It refers to the person, thing or animal affected by action of the verb.
❖ The Indirect Object. It refers to the person, thing or animal who receives the direct object.
Complement.
Complements give mare information about the subject or in some structuresabout the object.
Adverbial phrase.
It is a word or expression in the sentence that it tells you something about how the action in the verb is done.
Examples:
Subject + Verb. Mary sings.
Subject + Verb + Complement They are students.
Subject + Verb + Object. Peter likes Ann.
Subject + Verb + AdverbI'll go to bed soon.
Subject + Verb+ Adverbial phrase She will be arriving in a short time.

Verbs
The verb “To Be” is frequently followed by a complement. The complement may be a noun, an adjective or a pronoun. Others verbs are followed by an object.
They are friends.
Steve is intelligent.
That sweater is mine.
Carol collects dolls.
Don likes swimming.The following verbs may be followed by an adjective. Appear, become, feel, look, seem, smell, sound, and taste.
Donna feels bored.
It tastes marvelous.
You sound terrible.

Become may also be followed by a noun or pronoun.
John becomes an engineer.
Also there are verbs that may be followed by two objects: an indirect object and a direct object.
He gave me the book.S V IO DO

Don buys Janet a gift .
S V IO DO

S : Subject. IO : Indirect object
V : Verb. DO : Direct objectFrequently a phrase introduce by to or for is used instead of the indirect object. The to-phrase may not follow buy, fix and made. But the for-phrase follows buy, fix and made.
He gave the book to me.
S V DO Phrase
Don buys a gift for Jane
S V DO Phrase
The to- or for- phrase is generally usedwhen the direct is a pronoun.
He gave me the book.
He gave the book to me.
He gave it to me .

A few verbs, deliver, describe, explain, return, say, are regularly followed by : Direct object + Phrase.
She described her house to us.
The teacher will explain the theory to me.
Steve returned it to me.

Singled-word modifiers of the subject, object or complement are ordinaryplaced before the word modified.
The pretty gird wants to buy a blue skirt.
Her older brother is a brilliant Doctor.


Nouns. In English there are four kinds of nouns.
❖ Common nouns : Cat , table, door, man, etc…
❖ Proper nouns: Mary, Tom, Laika, Venezuela, etc…
❖ Abstract nouns: Peace, love, Beauty, Honesty, etc…
❖ Collective nouns: Crowd, flock, group, team, bank, etc...