Inglés fonetica

An Introduction to English Phonetics
Richard Ogden

An Introduction to English Phonetics

Edinburgh Textbooks on the English Language
General Editor Heinz Giegerich, Professor of English Linguistics (University of Edinburgh) Editorial Board Laurie Bauer (University of Wellington) Derek Britton (University of Edinburgh) Olga Fischer (University of Amsterdam) Rochelle Lieber (University ofNew Hampshire) Norman Macleod (University of Edinburgh) Donka Minkova (UCLA) Edward W. Schneider (University of Regensburg) Katie Wales (University of Leeds) Anthony Warner (University of York) titles in the series include An Introduction to English Syntax Jim Miller An Introduction to English Phonology April McMahon An Introduction to English Morphology: Words and Their Structure AndrewCarstairs-McCarthy An Introduction to International Varieties of English Laurie Bauer An Introduction to Middle English Jeremy Smith and Simon Horobin An Introduction to Old English Richard Hogg An Introduction to Early Modern English Terttu Nevalainen An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics Patrick Griffiths An Introduction to English Sociolinguistics Graeme Trousdale An Introduction to LateModern English Ingrid Tieken-Boon van Ostade An Introduction to Regional Englishes: Dialect Variation in England Joan Beal An Introduction to English Phonetics Richard Ogden

An Introduction to English Phonetics

Richard Ogden

Edinburgh University Press

© Richard Ogden, 2009 Edinburgh University Press Ltd 22 George Square, Edinburgh www.euppublishing.com Typeset in Janson by NormanTilley Graphics Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 0 7486 2540 6 (hardback) ISBN 978 0 7486 2541 3 (paperback) The right of Richard Ogden to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

ContentsList of figures and tables To readers Acknowledgements 1 Introduction to phonetics 1.1 What is phonetics? 1.2 What this book covers 1.3 Ways to talk about sounds 1.4 An overview of the book Further reading 2 Overview of the human speech mechanism 2.1 The complexity of speech sounds 2.2 Breathing 2.3 The larynx and voicing 2.4 Airflow 2.5 Place of articulation 2.6 Manner of articulation SummaryExercises Further reading 3 Representing the sounds of speech 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Phonetic transcription 3.3 Acoustic representations 3.4 Acoustic representations and segments 3.5 Representation and units in phonetics Summary Exercises Further reading

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AN INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH PHONETICS

4 The larynx, voicingand voice quality 4.1 Introduction: the production of voicing 4.2 How the vocal folds vibrate 4.3 Fundamental frequency, pitch and intonation 4.4 Phrasing and intonation 4.5 Voice quality Summary Exercises Further reading 5 Vowels 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Reference points for vowels: cardinal vowels 5.3 The acoustics of vowels 5.4 Other vocalic features 5.5 Vowels in English ‘keywords’ 5.6 Reducedvowels 5.7 Voiceless vowels Summary Exercises Further reading 6 Approximants 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The palatal approximant [j] 6.3 A doubly articulated sound: the labiovelar approximant [w] 6.4 Laterals 6.5 ‘Rhotics’ Summary Exercises Further reading 7 Plosives 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Overview of the production of plosives 7.3 Voicing and plosives in English 7.4 Glottalisation 7.5 Long closure 7.6 Placeof articulation 7.7 Release features of plosives 7.8 Taps

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CONTENTS

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Summary Exercises Further reading 8 Fricatives 8.1 Introduction to fricatives 8.2 The production of fricatives 8.3 Details of English fricatives 8.4 Non-lexical fricatives Summary Exercises...