La Guia Nalco (Ingles)

The Nalco Guide to Boiler Failure Analysis

Nalco Chemical Company Authored by Robert D. Port Harvey M. Herro

McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York St. Louis San Francisco Auckland Bogota Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico Milan Montreal New Delhi Paris San Juan Sao Paulo Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Port, Robert D. The Nalco guide to boilerfailure analysis / the Nalco Chemical Company; authored by Robert D. Port, Harvey M. Herro. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-07-045873-1 1. Steam-boilers—Failures—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Herro, Harvey M. II. Nalco Chemical Company. III. Title. TJ298.P67 1991 621.1'8S-dc20 90-40834 CIP

Dedicated to Dr. William K. Boer, a Motivator
Copyright © 1991 by McGraw-Hill, Inc. All rights reserved. Printedin the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

9101112 KPKP 0543210 ISBN D-Q7-DMSfl73-l
The sponsoring editor for this book was Robert W. Hauserman,the editing supervisor was Alfred Bernardi, the designer was Naomi Auerbach, and the production supervisor was Thomas G. Kowalczyk. It was set in Century Schoolbook by Progressive Typographers. Printed and bound by Kingsport Press.

Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGrawHill, Inc., from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors guaranteesthe accuracy or completeness of any information published herein and neither McGraw-Hill nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is published with the understanding that McGraw-Hill and its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If suchservices are required, the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Preface

This book is a comprehensive, authoritative field guide to boiler failures. Contained is information gathered during forty years of failure analysis at Nalco Chemical Company involving over 10,000 case histories. Failures in boilers of virtually all pressures and construction are represented. Failuresin nearly all boiler locations, as well as some preboiler and afterboiler regions, are discussed. Many photographs of actual failures illustrate the text. Critical, unprejudiced observation, bolstered by experience and common sense, are the most important factors in the correct identification of a boiler failure. This book alone cannot substitute for the trained, experienced analyst. Failureanalysis is a learned skill. This book will help the novice and more experienced observer select the most likely failure modes quickly and simply. By direct comparison with the many illustrations and photos of real failures, the user will learn to identify many problems and pinpoint likely failure locations. Explanation of failures will be easier, and the interpretation and discussion offailure-analysis reports will be facilitated. The book is not intended to be a substitute for rigorous failure analysis. Rather, the information should serve as an aid to in-plant investigation and as a readily accessible reference source in the field. Although the skilled observer can detect and correctly diagnose many failures based solely upon visual inspection, often there is no substitute for laboratoryinvestigations. Topics include overheating, chemical corrosion on both the fire side and water side, cracking, deposition, erosion, and manufacturing defects. Most failure modes or topics are discussed in seven sections including: Locations: Failure locations are pinpointed. General description: Failure mechanisms are described. The causes and sources of attack are discussed.

Critical factors:...