La Revolucion Industrial(En Ingles)

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

PRETASK VOCAB. ALPHABET SOUP

COKE
DEMAND
DIVISION OF LABOUR
EFICIENT
ENCLOSURE
FACTORY
FORCE
FOUNDRY
FUEL
IDEOLOGY
INVEST
IRON
MEASUREMETALLURGICAL
PROFITABLE
RAILWAY
RAW MATERIAL
SPINNING
SPREAD
STEAM
STELL
WEAVING
WORK
WORKING CLASS

1. The economic and social transformation o Europe
Between 1750 and 1870, two different revolutions took place simultaneously: theFrench Revolution, which led to political transformation, and the Industrial Revolution, which brought about dramatic economic and technological changes. These revolutions had an enormous impact on society in this period, as well as in the decades which followed.
* In Great Britain, economic and technological advances resulted in the development of a more efficient system of industrialproduction.
* The process of industrialization soon spread throughout Europe.
* The combination of industrialization and the consequences of the French revolution resulted in the end of the traditional estates system
* Art and architecture during this period reflected the economic and social changes that were taking place.

2. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution originatedin Great Britain in the 1750s, beginning a process of industrialization that continued into the 19th century. During this period, industry expanded and agriculture became less important than industry.

a. The causes of the industrial Revolution

* Increased Trade: Great Britain’s domestic and international trade increased, and the profits were often invested in industry.
*Technological progress: The invention of new machines enabled factories to produce goods more quickly and more cheaply. The invention of the steam engine by James Watt was a particularly important development.

SOURCE 5
The steam engine was used in a great variety of activities because it had so many different applications. In agriculture, it was used to plough land, grind cereal, cut wood and pumpwater. In mining, it was used to excavate galleries and in transport, it powered boats and trains. In industry, steam engines shaped metal and printed books.
S.Smiles
Industrial Biography: Iron Workers and Tool Makers (1863)

a) Why was the steam engine an important invention?
b) Give examples of ways in which the steam engine was used in farming and factories.
c) What negativeeffects do you think the steam engine had on agricultural and industrial workers?

* Financial support: agriculture and commercial activities provided money that could be invested in industry.
* Favourable political political conditions: Great Britain’s parliamentary monarchy allowed the bourgeoisie to participate in government. As a result, this social group promoted measures that advancedits economic interests.

b. Key elements of industrialization
Three areas made an especially important contribution to economic growth.
* The textile industry: Technological innovations, such as spinning and weaving machines, increased the amount of cotton fabric that could be produced. This led to lower prices. These machines were located in factories, where the division of labourmade textile manufacturing more efficient.
* Iron and steel production: the production of iron and steel in foundries required large quantities of fuel, such a coke. Technological innovations allowed foundries to produce larger quantities of steel, as well as a better-quality product.
* Transport: the invention of the steam locomotive (Trevithick, 1805), the development of the first...