La teoria del oido,por tok

-hearing is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations through an organ such as the ear.
-vibrations are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by thebrain (primarily in the temporal lobe).
-like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types ofmechanosensation.
-the eardrum of an ear simplifies incoming air pressure waves to a single channel of amplitude.
- the basilar membrane of the inner ear separates out different frequencies: high frequenciesproduce a large vibration at the end near the middle ear, and low frequencies a large vibration at the distant end. Thus the ear performs a frequency analysis. The location and intensity of vibrations inthe basilar membrane is transmitted to the brain through the auditory nerve.
-the hearing structures of many species have defense mechanisms against injury. The muscles of the middle ear (e.g. thetensor tympani muscle) in many mammals contract reflexively in reaction to loud sounds which may injure the hearing ability of the organism.
-not all sounds are normally audible to all animals. Eachspecies has a range of normal hearing for both loudness (amplitude) and pitch (frequency). Many animals use sound to communicate with each other, and hearing in these species is particularly importantfor survival and reproduction. In species that use sound as a primary means of communication, hearing is typically most acute for the range of pitches produced in calls and speech.
-frequencies capableof being heard by humans are called audio or sonic. The range is typically considered to be between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. Frequencies higher than audio are referred to as ultrasonic, while frequenciesbelow audio are referred to as infrasonic. Some bats use ultrasound for echolocation while in flight.
-dogs are able to hear ultrasound, which is the principle of 'silent' dog whistles. Snakes...