Language

LANGUAGE
Are language and speech the same? No they are not the same, and we found many differences into language and speech. In this essay we will explain why language and speech are different. In fact, speech is a mean a communication in which people can express the ideas, feelings to each other. As we can see language is first of all a system because it has a well structured organization andnot a very large collection of words, no languages exists in the form of words in a dictionary, more than a business organization consist in a warehouse of goods. And we think that learning about language is important because language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols which is composed by letter, symbols, vowels and pauses. During this essay you can find topics like: Origin of Language,Features of Language, Language as a sound, Linear and Systematic Language, Language as a system of systems, Meaningful Language, Arbitrary and Conventional Language and Creative Language.
The ultimate origin of language is likely to remain unknown, although many different theories have been suggested. We do not know whether language emerged in one or several places or at different times in our history.It is believed that humans have an innate capacity for producing language. According to some scholars the progression from animal grunts to full modern human language may have proceeded as follows. The first step by early hominids would be represented by monkeys, who produce different sounds under voluntary control. These sounds were considered to be instinctive reactions, but researches haveshown that the monkeys were known to lie or to fake calls for specific reasons. The sounds they produce were overestimated as language though we are not able to understand the exact meaning or its significance. During the course of human evolution brain size increased rapidly in a short period, bringing forth new species. The first was the arrival of Homo erectus about 1.8 million years ago and thenext was the existence of Homo sapiens 500,000 years ago. The increase in mental power would have enabled the hominids to increase their vocabulary, and progress from one word statement to two word or even multiple word statements. Analyzing their artifacts, the level of communication must have been low but possibly intermediate between humans and primates. Later it is found that they were able tocommunicate through their tongue pronouncing several words which are even used today.
Numerous features common to all natural human languages have been proposed; however linguists appear not to be unanimous on ascribing certain properties only to human beings. Linguists have found by experience that there are several features of languages that provide a basis accurate description. The first isthat all languages are sounds and, as a consequence, can be represented as linear. Second, all languages are systematic, both in the permissible combination of language sounds and in the combination of meaningful elements of the language. Third, language is meaningful, since the sounds that speakers make, are connected with factors other than language itself. When the relation between the soundsthe speakers make are their meaning investigated we find that the relation is either arbitrary or convectional.
The language as sound is the most writing systems do not conform exactly to the sounds people make in speaking, so that it is easy to appreciate the need for some correct method of transcribing sounds of languages. Phonetics provides us with an accurate means of describing languagessound, and phonemics with an efficient system of writing the sounds. Human speech is a language sound and it is produced by vocal organs; the main energy source is the lungs with the diaphragm; when we speaking, the air is forced through the glottis between the vocal cords and the larynx to the three main cavities of the vocal tract, the pharynx and the oral and nasal cavities, from the oral and...