Malaria And Sickle Cell Anemia

Malaria and Sickle Anemia in Africa
Jean Domenech

Overview
 Malaria
    What is it? Cause Symptoms Defenses against malaria

 Sickle Cell Anemia
 What is it?  Effect onthe body  A deadly disease as a cure for another

What is Malaria?

Malaria is as old as humanity, and today it is still a threat.

Some facts:
 89% of the malaria deaths occur inAfrica
 malaria is the 2nd leading cause of death from infectious diseases in Africa, after HIV/AIDS  a single parasite that has invaded a liver cell can produce 30,000-40,000 daughtercells  a single parasite that has invaded a RBC can produce 8-24 daughter cells  malaria has the potential to be recurrent

The cause of Malaria

 Plasmodium falciparum  Plasmodiumvivax  Plasmodium ovale  Plasmodium malariae  Plasmodium knowlesi (in macaques)

The Malaria Vector
Anopheles albimanus
 Larvae found in many sunlit water habitats  Salt tolerant Mosquito feed indiscriminately from dusk until dawn  Found in subtropical and tropical areas  Female mosquito: malaria vector

Symptoms
 Fever
 Headache  Vomiting  usually appearbetween 10 and 15 days after the mosquito bite

Life cycle of P. falciparum

sporozoite migrating through a mosquito’s midgut

merozoites inside a ruptured erythrocyte of a humanhost

Defenses against malaria
 Antimalarial drugs  Arteminisin derivatives  Prophylaxis (for travellers)  For severe cases:  intravenous or intramuscular quinine (found in Cinchonatree)  Artesunate (arteminisin derivative)
 Insecticides  DDT

 Insect repellent
 Mosquito nets  Attractice-toxic-sugar-bait  NO VACCINE  Immune system  Sickle cell trait

Whatis sickle cell anemia?

A deadly disease as a cure for another..
 Sickling of the cells  Free radical damage  Difficulty in invasion of sickle cells

End
…Questions?