Nervous System

Science Fair

The Nervous System

INTRODUCTION

We have chosen the nervous system as project for the Science Fair, because it is the most important system in our organism. It controls all the main functions of our body.

We will make a summary of the functioning of this system and will work in detail the smallest part of this system, the neurons.

Even the neurons being small, arethe most important part in this system as they help the brain to manage our body.

LIST OF CONTENTS

1. Objectives

2. Classification
2.1 Depending on where they are in our body
2.2 Depending on its functioning.

3. Central Nervous System
3.1 Brain
3.1.1 Brain.
3.1.2 Cerebellum
3.1.3 Spinal Cord
3.2 Medulla

4. Peripheral Nervous System
5.1 Brain nerves5.2 Spinal nerves

5. Neurons

6. Memory, thinking and emotions

7. Senses

8. Most important diseases of the Nervous System

9. Summary

10. Glossary

11. Conclusions

12. Bibliography

1. OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the project will be to explore the importance and characteristics of the nervous system as well as its functioning, components andinfluence in our body; sending, receiving and interpreting information from all parts of the body and monitoring and coordinating internal organ function and responding to changes in the external environment

Also will investigate about the different diseases and how do they affect our lives.

2. Classification

The Nervous System is divided in two main systems:
* The Central NervousSystem (brain and spinal cord)
* The Peripheral Nervous System (motor and sensory nerves)

3. Central Nervous System

The Central Nervous System is the main part of the Nervous System and controls all the nervous system

3.1 Brain

3.1.1 Brain.
It is composed of neurons and neuroglia or supporting cells. Also consist of gray and white matter.

Gray matter is composed mainly ofneuron cell bodies. It is concentrated in the cerebral cortex.

White matter is composed of axons which connect parts of the brain with each other and with the spinal cord.

Is where all the main processes occur
.

3.1.2 Cerebellum

Also known as little brain. Is the portion of the brain forming the largest segment.

It consists of two lateral cerebella hemispheres and is connected tothe brain stem (spinal cord) by three pairs of fiber bundles (inferior middle and superior)

The cerebellum is responsible for coordination of voluntary movement, speed, trajectory and stopping of movements, and from maintaining posture and balance.

3.1.3 Spinal Cord

Is part of the central nervous system. It is an ovoid column of nerve tissue from 40 to 50 cm. long, and extends from themedulla to the second lumbar vertebra. It is protected by the vertebra.

3.2 Medulla

The medulla oblongata is the upper enlarged part of the spinal cord.

4. Peripheral Nervous System
The peripheral nervous system is subdivided into the
* sensory-somatic nervous system and the
* autonomic nervous system

4.1 The sensory-somatic system

Consists of:
* 12pairs of cranial nerves and
* 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
The sensory information is processed by the Central Nervous System (CNS): the brain and the spinal cord.
All senses work along the same principles: a stimulus from the external or internal environment is detected by a specialized type of cell. Inside the cell a chemical cascade begins - that is transduction. This changes theproperties of the cell - usually its cell membrane potential - which is transmitted from the sensory cell to the neighboring nerve cell, to the next cell, next cell and so on, until it ends in the appropriate area of the nervous system, usually the brain. There, the sum of all stimuli from all the cells of the sensory organ are interpreted (integrated and processed over time) and the neccessary...