Norma D-4252

Designation: D 4254 – 00

Standard Test Methods for

Minimum Index Density and Unit Weight of Soils and Calculation of Relative Density1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4254; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope * 1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the minimum-index dry density/unit weight of cohesionless, freedraining soils. The adjective “dry” before density or unit weight is omitted in the title and remaining portions of this standards to be be consistent with theapplicable definitions given in Section 3 on Terminology. 1.2 System of units: 1.2.1 The testing apparatus described in this standard has been developed and manufactured using values in the gravimetric or inch-pound system. Therefore, test apparatus dimensions and mass given in inch-pound units are regarded as the standard. 1.2.2 It is common practice in the engineering profession to concurrently usepounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. This test method has been written using the gravitational system of units when dealing with theinch-pound system. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight). However, balances or scales measure mass; and weight must be calculated. In the inch-pound system, it is common to assume that 1 lbf is equal to 1 lbm. While reporting density is not regarded as nonconformance with this standard, unit weights should be calculated and reported since the results may be used todetermine force or stress. 1.2.3 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both. 1.3 Three alternative methods are provided to determine the minimumindex density/unit weight, as follows: 1.3.1 Method A—Using a funnel pouring device or a hand scoop to place material in mold. 1.3.2 Method B—Depositing material into a mold by extracting a soil filled tube.
1 This standard is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.03 on Texture, Plasticity, and Density Characteristics ofSoils. Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally published as D 4254 – 83. Last previous edition D 4254 – 91 (1996).

1.3.3 Method C 2—Depositing material by inverting a graduated cylinder. 1.4 The method to be used should be specified by the individual assigning the test. If no method is specified, the provisions of Method A shall govern. Test Method A is thepreferred procedure for determining minimum index density/ unit weight as used in conjunction with the procedures of Test Methods D 4253. Methods B and C are provided for guidance of testing used in conjunction with special studies, especially where there is not enough material available to use a 0.100 ft3 (2 830 cm3) or 0.500 ft3 (14 200 cm3) mold as required by Method A. 1.5 These test methods areapplicable to soils that may contain up to 15 %, by dry mass, of soil particles passing a No. 200 (75-µm) sieve, provided they still have cohesionless, free-draining characteristics (nominal sieve dimensions are in accordance with Specification E 11). 1.5.1 Method A is applicable to soils in which 100 %, by dry mass, of soil particles pass a 3-in. (75-mm) sieve and which may contain up to 30 %,...