Nouns

CHAPTER 5. NOUNS
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract idea. Nouns can function as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, and subject complements. There are different classes of nouns: common nouns, proper nouns, concrete nouns, abstract nouns, noun gender, noun plurals, possessive nouns, countable nouns, uncountable nouns, andcollective nouns.

COMMON NOUNS
Teacher’s explanation
A Common noun always begins with a small letter (unless it is at the beginning of a sentence), a common or general word. They are represented in the singular and plural form. An example of the common noun is: - A girl and her dog played in the park.

Student’s explanation
A common noun is a noun that refers to a person, thing and place.PROPER NOUNS
Teacher’s explanation
You always write a proper noun with a capital letter, since the noun represents the name of a specific person, place, or thing. The names of days of the week, months, historical documents, institutions, organizations, religions, their holy texts and their adherents are proper nouns. A proper noun is the opposite of a common noun. For example: I went to SanFrancisco.

Student’s explanation
A proper noun is a noun that is the name of a specific individual, place, or object.

CONCRETE NOUNS
Teacher’s explanation
A concrete noun is a noun which names anything (or anyone) that you can experience with your five senses: you see them, hear them, smell them, taste them, and feel them. Ice cream, for example, is a concrete noun. You can see the pink.You can taste the berry flavor. You can feel your tongue growing numb from the cold.

Student’s explanation
Any noun that you can experience with at least one of your five senses is a concrete noun.

ABSTRACT NOUNS
Teacher’s explanation
An abstract noun is a type of noun that refers to something a person cannot physically interact with. In this instance, abstract means to exist apart fromconcrete existence. A noun that is abstract is an aspect, concept, idea, experience, state of being, trait, quality, feeling, or other entity that cannot be experienced with the five senses.

Student’s explanation
An abstract noun is a noun which names anything which you can not perceive through your five physical senses, and is the opposite of a concrete noun.

NOUN GENDER
Teacher’sexplanation
Many common nouns, like "engineer" or "teacher," can refer to men or women. Once, many English nouns would change form depending on their gender -- for example, a man was called an "author" while a woman was called an "authoress" -- but this use of gender-specific nouns is very rare today.
There are four types of gender nouns in English.
Masculine gender nouns are words for men, boys, andmale animals. Example: actor, boy, brother, policeman, etc.
Feminine gender nouns are words for women, girls and female animals. Example: actress, girl, sister, policewoman, etc.
Common gender nouns are nouns that are used for both males and females. Examples: babies, students, reporters, teachers, etc.
Neuter gender nouns are words for things that are not alive. Example: Hospital, phone, pen,chair, school, etc.

Student’s explanation
The Noun-Gender tells us about the sex of the noun.

NOUN PLURALS
Teacher’s explanation
When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural. Examples: boys, girls, books, churches.
Rule #1
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun. Example:
lamp lamps
Rule #2
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch formthe plural by adding - es. Example:
box boxes
Special Note:
If you add - s to such nouns as fox, bush, and bench, you will find that you cannot pronounce them without making an additional syllable. This is why such nouns form the plural by adding - es.

Student’s explanation
A plural noun is a noun that is more than one. Nouns are categorized as people, places, things or ideas. So...