Plagas urbanas

he second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favour the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners are faced now with the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, where the suburbs of our cities are growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, manycity managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics that belong to the past. All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect impacts of present-day urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them and reduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO has invited international experts in various fields –pests, pest-related diseases and pest management – to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts contributed to the present report by identifying the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusions and formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseasesin the future.

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Public Health Significance of Urban Pests
Xavier Bonnefoy Helge Kampen Kevin Sweeney

Public Health Significance of Urban Pests

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Tel.: +45 39 17 17 17. Fax: +45 39 17 18 18 E-mail: postmaster@euro.who.int Web site: www.euro.who.int

ISBN 978-92-890-7188-8

Public HealthSignificance of Urban Pests

Xavier Bonnefoy Helge Kampen Kevin Sweeney

Abstract
he second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century have witnessed important changes in ecology, climate and human behaviour that favour the development of urban pests. Most alarmingly, urban planners are faced now with the dramatic expansion of urban sprawl, where the suburbs of our citiesare growing into the natural habitats of ticks, rodents and other pests. Also, many city managers now erroneously assume that pest-borne diseases are relics that belong to the past.

Contents

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All these changes make timely a new analysis of the direct and indirect impacts of presentday urban pests on health. Such an analysis should lead to the development of strategies to manage them andreduce the risk of exposure. To this end, WHO has invited international experts in various fields – pests, pest-related diseases and pest management – to provide evidence on which to base policies. These experts contributed to the present report by identifying the public health risk posed by various pests and appropriate measures to prevent and control them. This book presents their conclusionsand formulates policy options for all levels of decision-making to manage pests and pest-related diseases in the future.

Foreword Executive summary Introduction 1. Allergic asthma 2. Cockroaches 3. House dust mites 4. Bedbugs 5. Fleas 6. Pharaoh ants and fire ants 7. Flies 8. Birds 9. Human body lice 10. Ticks 11. Mosquitoes 12. Commensal rodents 13. Non-commensal rodents and lagomorphs 14.Pesticides: risks and hazards 15. Integrated pest management Annex 1. Abbreviations Annex 2. Working Group

VII IX 1 7 53 85 131 155 175 209 239 289 304 347 387 421 477 543 563 565

Keywords
PEST CONTROL - methods INSECT CONTROL - methods URBAN HEALTH URBAN POPULATION ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CITY PLANNING PUBLIC HEALTH HEALTH POLICY

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ISBN 978-92-890-7188-8 © World Health Organization 2008
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