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Albert Einstein (Ulm, Germany, March 14, 1879 - Princeton, USA, April 18, 1955) was a German-born physicist, later nationalized U.S. and Switzerland. Is regarded as the greatest scientist of thetwentieth century, besides being the best known.

In 1905, when he was an unknown young physicist was employed at the Patent Office in Bern, Switzerland, published his theory of special relativity. Asshe entered, a simple theoretical framework, based on simple physical principles, concepts and phenomena studied earlier by Henri Poincaré and Hendrik Lorentz. Probably the most famous equation ofphysics at the grassroots level, is the mathematical expression of mass-energy equivalence, E = mc ², he deduced as a logical consequence of this theory. That same year he published another work thatwould lay some of the foundations of statistical physics and quantum mechanics.

In 1915, he presented the theory of general relativity, which reformulated the whole concept of gravity. Oneconsequence was the emergence of the scientific study of the origin and evolution of the universe by the branch of physics called cosmology. In 1919, when British observations of a solar eclipse confirmed hisprediction about the bending of light, was idolized by the press. [3] Einstein became a popular icon of science world-famous, a privilege available to very few scientists.

In their explanation ofthe photoelectric effect and his many contributions to theoretical physics in 1921 won the Nobel Prize in Physics and not by the theory of relativity, as the scientist who is tasked to evaluate, notunderstood, and feared the risk of eventually found to be erroneous. At that time was still considered somewhat controversial by many scientists.

Before the rise of Nazism in December 1932, thescientist left Germany to the United States, where he taught teaching at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. Became U.S. citizen in 1940. During his last years he worked to integrate into a...