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1. ROSIGLIATAZONE EVALUATED FOR CARDIOVSCULAR OUTCOMES IN ORAL AGENT COMBINATION THERAPY FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES (RECORD): A MULTICENTRE, RANDOMISED, OPEN –LABEL TRIAL. PHILIP D HOME DM, STUART J POCOCK PHD. AND COLLEAGUES. ROSIGLITAZONE IS AN INSULIN SENSITISER USED IN COMBINATION WITH MEFORMIN, A SULFONYLUREA, OR BOTH, FOR LOWERING BLOOD GLUCOSE IN PEOPLE WITH TYPE 2DIABETES. WE ASSESSED CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES AFTER ADDITION OF ROSIGLITAZONE TO EITHER METFORMIN OR SULFONYLUREA COMPARED WITH THE COMBINATION OF THE OVER 5-7 YEARS OF FOLLOW UP. WE ALSO ASSESSED COMPARATIVE SAFETY METHODS. IN A MULTICENTRE, OPEN-LABEL TRIAL, 4447 PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES ON METFORMIN OR SULFONYLUREA MONOTHERAPY WITH MEAN HAEMOGLOBIN A1C (HB A1C) OF 7-9% WERE RANDOMLY ASSIGNEDTO ADDITION OF ROSIGLITAZONE (N=2220) OR TO A COMBINATION OF METFORMIN AND SULFONYLUREA (ACTIVE CONTROL GROUP, N=2227). THE PRIMARY ENDPOINT WAS CARDIOVASCULAR HOSPITALISATION OR CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH, WITH A HAZARD RATIO (HR) NON INFERIORITY MARGIN OF 1.20. ANALYSIS WAS BY INTENTION TO TREAT. THIS STUDY IS REGISTERED WITH GOVERNMENT CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER NCT00379769. FINDINGS. 321 PEOPLE IN THEROSIGLITAZONE GROUP AND 323 IN THE ACTIVE CONTROL GROUP EXPERIENCED THE PRIMARY OUTCOME DURING A MEAN 5-5 YEAR FOLLOW UP, MEETING THE CRITERION ON NON-INFERIORITY (HR 0.99, 95% CL 0.85-1.16). HR WAS 0-84 (0-59) FOR CARDOVASCULAR DEATH, 1-14 (0.80 – 1.63) FOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, AND 0.72 (0.49-1.06) FOR STROKE. HEART FAILURE CAUSING ADMISSION TO HOSPITAL OR DEATH OCCURRED IN 61 PEOPLE IN THEROSIGLITAZONE GROUP AND 29 IN THE ACTIVE CONTROL GROUP (HR2.10, 1.35 – 3.27, RISK DIFFERENCE PER 1000 PERSON-YEARS 2.6, 1.1-4.1). UPPER AND DISTAL LOWER LIMB FRACTURE RATES WERE INCREASED MAINLY IN WOMEN RANDOMLY ASSIGNED TO RSIGLITAZONE. MEAN HBA1C WAS LOWER IN THE ROSIGLITAZONE GROUP THAN IN THE CONTROL GROUP AT 5 YEARS. INTERPRETATION. ADDITION ROSIGLITAZONE TO GLUCOSE LOWERING THERAPY IN PEOPLEWITH TYPE 2 DIABETES IS CONFIRMED TO INCREASE THE RISK OF HEART FAILURE AND OF SOME FRACTURES, MAINLY IN WOMEN. ALTHOUGH THE DATA ARE INCONCLUSIVE ABOUT ANY POSSIBLE EFFECT ON MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION, ROSIGLITAZONE DOES NOT INCREASE THE RISK OF OVERALL CARDIVASCULAR MORBIDITY OR MORTALITY COMPARED WITH STANDARD GLUCOSE –LOWERING DRUGS

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2. PIGMENTARY DISORDERS INLATIN AMERICA FALABELLA, RAFAEL DERMATOLOGIC CLINICS - VOLUME 25, ISSUE 3 W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY JULY 2007 PITYRIASIS ALBA (PA) IS A COMMON DISORDER OBSERVED IN LATIN AMERICAN PATIENTS. LESIONS DISCLOSE HYPOPIGMENTATION, MAINLY OBSERVED ON FACIAL AREAS AND SUNLIGHT EXPOSED SURFACE OF ARMS AND FOREARMS; THOSE ON THE TRUNK AND LOWER EXTREMITIES ARE LESS COMMON. AN ATOPIC DIATHESIS IS PRESENT INMOST PATIENTS, AND THE CONDITION FREQUENTLY DEVELOPS IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS. THE AVERAGE LESION BEGINS WITH A SLIGHTLY HYPOPIGMENTED MACULE THAT ENLARGES GRADUALLY FROM 1 CM TO 3 CM AND MAY COALESCE WITH NEIGHBORING MACULES, RESULTING IN LARGER HYPOPIGMENTED DEFECTS. A FINE DESQUAMATION AND DRYNESS OF SKIN ARE CHARACTERISTIC AND THE CLINICAL PICTURE USUALLY WORSENS DURING SUMMER OR DURINGFREQUENT WATERSPORT ACTIVITIES. A FOLLICULAR VARIETY WITH MILD HYPERKERATOSIS AT THE HAIR FOLLICLE OSTIUM FREQUENTLY OCCURS. ON HISTOLOGIC EXAMINATION, EPIDERMAL AND FOLLICULAR SPONGIOSIS, FOCAL PARAKERATOSIS, SLIGHT ACANTHOSIS, AND MILD SUPERFICIAL PERIVASCULAR INFILTRATES ARE SEEN. IN A STUDY, ULTRASTRUCTURAL EXAMINATION DISCLOSED SMALL AND REDUCED NUMBERS OF MELANOCYTES AND MELANOSOMES. ALTHOUGH PAIMPROVES SPONTANEOUSLY AFTER PUBERTY, LOW POTENCY CORTICOSTEROIDS, SUCH AS 1% HYDROCORTISONE

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OR 0.5% DESONIDE, FREQUENT EMOLLIENT APPLICATION, AND SUNLIGHT AVOIDANCE/PROTECTION ARE USEFUL TO CONTROL THIS DISORDER. SKIN CONTACT WITH DIVERSE CHEMICALS MAY INDUCE ACQUIRED HYPOPIGMENTATION, WHICH MAY OCCUR EITHER DURING PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES OR AS AN INCIDENTAL EVENT. AREAS...