The Presidency

The Presidency
Learning Objectives
DEADLINE: FRIDAY JANUARY 25, 2013
AS YOU READ THROUGH THE CHAPTER ANSWER THE FOLLOWING TOPICS IN A SEPARATE PIECE OF PAPER. HAND THIS ASSIGNMENT INSIDE A FOLDER, IN A QUESTION ANSWER FORMAT. PLEASE USE ARIAL BLACK 12.

Define the key terms at the end of the chapter
Veto: The president’s disapproval of a bill that has been passed by both houses ofCongress. Congress can override a veto with a two- thirds vote in each house.
Inherent Powers: Authority claimed by the president that is not clearly specified in the Constitution. Typically, these powers are inferred from the Constitution.
Executive Orders: Presidential directives that create or modify laws and public policies, without the direct approval of Congress
Unitary Executive: A belief thatthe president’s inherent powers allow him to overrule congressional grants of independent authority to agencies.
Delegation of Powers: The process by which Con-gress gives the executive branch the additional author-ity needed to address new problems
Executive Office of the President: The president’s executive aides and their staffs; the extended White House executive establishment.
Cabinet: Agroup of presidential advisers; the heads of the executive departments and other key officials.
Divided Government: The situation in which one party controls the White House and the other controls at least one house of Congress.
Gridlock: A situation in which govern-ment is incapable of acting on important issues.
Electoral Mandate: An endorsement by voters. Presidents sometimes argue theyhave been given a mandate to carry out policy proposals.
Legislative Liaison Staff: Those people who act as the communications link between the White House and Congress, advising the president or cabinet secretaries on the status of pending legislation.



2. List the powers and duties of the president as set forth in the Constitution

Serve as administrative head of the nation.
Act ascomander in chief of the military.
Convene congress.
Veto legislation.
Appoint various officials.
Make treaties.
Grant pardons.


3. Describe the sources of power outside the Constitution that presidents have used to expand the authority of the office, including congressional delegation of powers.

Presidential power has expanded as presidents have exercised their explicit constitutionalresponsibilities and boldly interpreted the ambiguities of the Constitution. First, we look at the ways in which formal powers, such as veto power, have been implicit in the Constitution. Finally, we discuss congressional grants of power to the executive branch.



4. Outline the components and duties of the offices that make up the Executive Office of the President
Advice the president oncruicial pollitical choices
Devise the general strategies the administration will follow in pursuing congresional and public support.
Control access to the president to ensu he have enough time for his most important tasks.





5. Identify the three advisory systems that support the president and give an example of each

Franklin Roosevelt examplified the first system: a competitivemanagement style. He organized his staff so his advisers had overlapping authorities and differings points of views.
Dwight Eisenhower examplifies a hierarchical model. His staff was arranged whith clear lines of authority and a hierarchical stricture that irrored a military command.
Bill Clinton had more of a collegial staff arrangement. A loose staff structure that gave many top staffers direct accessto him.


6. Explain why modern presidents are more likely to rely on the White House staff than on the Cabinet for advice on policymaking

Presidents doesn't rely on the cabinet because they have such a large White House staffs, which offer most of the advisory they need. And in contrast to cabinet secretaries, White House staffers are likely to see themselves as beign responsibles to...