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Socrates
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This article is about the classical Greek philosopher. For other uses of Socrates, see Socrates (disambiguation).
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Socrates (Σωκράτης)
Socrates
Full name Socrates (Σωκράτης)
Born c. 469 / 470 BC[1]
Died 399 BC (age approx. 71)
Era Ancient philosophy
Region Western Philosophy
SchoolClassical Greek
Main interests Epistemology, ethics
Notable ideas Socratic method, Socratic irony
Influenced[show]

* Most subsequent Western philosophy; more specifically, Plato, Aristotle, Aristippus, Antisthenes

UWASocrates gobeirne cropped.jpg
Part of a series on
Socrates
"I know that I know nothing"
Social gadfly · Trial of Socrates
Eponymous concepts
Socratic dialogue ·Socratic method
Socratic problem · Socratic paradox
Disciples
Plato · Xenophon
Antisthenes · Aristippus
Related topics
Platonism · Stoicism
Cynics · Cyrenaics
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Socrates (Greek: Σωκράτης, Ancient Greek pronunciation: [sɔːˈkratɛːs], Sōkrátēs; c. 469 BC–399 BC,[1] pronounced /ˈsɒkrətiːz/ in English) was a classical Greek Athenian philosopher. Credited as one of the foundersof Western philosophy, he is an enigmatic figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his students Plato and Xenophon, and the plays of his contemporary Aristophanes. Many would claim that Plato's dialogues are the most comprehensive accounts of Socrates to survive from antiquity.[2]

Through his portrayal in Plato's dialogues, Socrates hasbecome renowned for his contribution to the field of ethics, and it is this Platonic Socrates who also lends his name to the concepts of Socratic irony and the Socratic method, or elenchus. The latter remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions, and is a type of pedagogy in which a series of questions are asked not only to draw individual answers, but also to encourage fundamentalinsight into the issue at hand. It is Plato's Socrates that also made important and lasting contributions to the fields of epistemology and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains strong in providing a foundation for much western philosophy that followed.

As one recent commentator has put it, Plato, the idealist, offers "an idol, a master figure, for philosophy. A Saint, aprophet of the 'Sun-God', a teacher condemned for his teachings as a heretic."[3]
Contents
[hide]

* 1 Biography
o 1.1 The Socratic problem
o 1.2 Life
o 1.3 Trial and death
* 2 Philosophy
o 2.1 Socratic method
o 2.2 Philosophical beliefs
+ 2.2.1 Socratic Paradoxes
+ 2.2.2 Knowledge
+2.2.3 Virtue
+ 2.2.4 Politics
+ 2.2.5 Mysticism
* 3 Satirical playwrights
* 4 Prose sources
o 4.1 The Socratic dialogues
* 5 Legacy
o 5.1 Immediate influence
o 5.2 Later historical effects
o 5.3 Criticism
o 5.4 Ahmadiyya Viewpoint
* 6 See also
* 7 Notes
* 8 References
* 9Further reading
* 10 External links

Biography
The Socratic problem

An accurate picture of the historical Socrates and his philosophical viewpoints is problematic, an issue known as the Socratic problem.

As Socrates did not write philosophical texts, the knowledge of the man, his life, and his philosophy is entirely based on writings by his students and contemporaries. Foremost amongthem is Plato; however, works by Xenophon, Aristotle, and Aristophanes also provide important insights.[4] The difficulty of finding the “real” Socrates arises because these works are often philosophical or dramatic texts rather than straightforward histories. Aside from Thucydides (who makes no mention of Socrates or philosophers in general) and Xenophon, there are in fact no straightforward...