Yugoslavia

November 20th, 2012
Project:
1. Context and origins of the conflict
2. Process and developement of the conflicto (timeline)
3. Description of the actors involved (ethnic groups, communities, leaders)
4. Resolution of the conflict and of the division (Independence)
5. Relate the conflict with all the theories and power (5 readings)f
6. Realizar una actividad con una duración de un bloquepara aproximadamente 5 estudiantes de quinto.


A brief history of Yugoslavia:
The Yugoslavia which emerged from World War II was a six republic federation. From north-west to south east, the political entities were Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia.
At various times during the past millennium, the country know known as Yugoslavia, and its surroundingcountries, straddled the borders of three faith groups: Islam, Orthodox Christianity, and Roman Catholicism. Various sources give conflicting stories of the area's past. The following is our initial attempt at describing the history of Yugoslavia. Although this data came from usually reliable sources, we are uncertain about its reliability. We will attempt to improve this in the near future:
Prior to6th century CE: Kosovo and the surrounding area were occupied by the Illyrian people, who became present-day Albanians.

6th & 7th centuries CE: The Serbs arrived in Kosovo and the surrounding area.
12 & 13th century: Rastko (1174-1236 CE) created the first Serbian national church. After a brief alliance with Rome, the church became part of Orthodox Christianity.
14th century: The OttomanTurks conquered what is now Yugoslavia at the Battle of Kosovo in theField of Blackbirds in 1389 CE. Serbian Prince Lazar could have avoided the conflict by agreeing to pay tribute to Murad I, the Turkish Sultan. However, Lazar and his army rejected this option. They swore the Kosovo Covenant. This committed them to fight to the death of the last man rather than submit to control from a foreignpower. Islam was introduced by the Turks during their occupation.
15th century: Muslim influence was extended to Bosnia-Herzegovina.
16th century: Slovenia and Croatia came under the influence of Austria. Roman Catholicism was introduced. Thousands of Serbs were forcibly relocated to the Croatian border with Bosnia.
19th century: After Russia defeated the Turks, Serbia was grantedindependence. But Kosovo and Macedonia remained under the control of the Turks. The Austro-Hungarians got control of Bosnia-Herzegovina and retained Croatia and Slovenia.
Pre-World War II: With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian empire, the collapse of the Ottoman empire, and the conclusion of World War I, Yugoslavia became a kingdom under King Alexander. His dictatorship included Slovenia,Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia. A fascist separatist movement, the Ustase, was established by the Croats to promote their independence.
1. World War II: The Nazis over-ran Yugoslavia. The country was partitioned. The fascist Ustashe (Croatians; primarily Roman Catholics) established a puppet Nazi state, which included Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Largenumbers of Serbian Orthodox believers, Jews and Roma(Gypsies) were exterminated. The killings were perpetrated by the Nazis, the Ustashe, and occasionally by the Bosnian Muslims. The 21st division of the German Waffen SS was recruited almost entirely from ethnic Albanians. "In the winter of 1944-45 it carried out the last ethnic cleansing exercise of the war. It did this in Kosovo, against the Serbs."3During the war, Jews were relatively safe in Bosnia. The Bosnian Serbs largely protected them from the Holocaust. A civil war followed World War II; as many as 1 million Yugoslavs were killed.
2. 1945 to 1980: Joseph Tito unified the 6 republics into a communist dictatorship, independent of Russia. He was able to suppress religious and cultural rivalries among the Roman Catholics, Serbian...