A history of language teaching approaches and metdodologies

|APPROACH/METHOD |GRAMMAR TRANSLATION METHOD |
|THEORY OF LANGUAGE |Language is a system of rules.|
| |Literary language is superior to the spoken language. |
| |Very little teaching is done in the target language.|
| |Language is seen as a collection of words which are isolated and independent. |
|THEORY OF LEARNING |It’s deductive, in other words, it is presented a rule which isexplained and memorized and later on practiced in translation exercises. |
| |Little or no attention is given to pronunciation. |
| |Grammar is taught withextensive explanations in the native language. |
|OBJECTIVES |Translating each language into each other language is an important goal for learners. |
||To be able to communicate with target languages’ speakers is not among the goals. |
| |The primary skills to be improved are reading and writing.|
| |Its focus is on accuracy and not fluency. |
|TEACHER’S ROLE |The authority in the class room is the teacher.|
| |Classes are taught in the native language with little active use of the target language. |
| |Class work is highly structured with the teacher controlling all activities.|
|LEARNERS’S ROLE |Most of the interaction in the classroom is from the teacher to the students. |
| |There is little student initiation and littlestudent-student interaction. |
| |Having the students get the correct answer is considered very important. |
|ACTIVITIES |Translation of a...