algoritmo

2.3 ALGORITMOS
Como podemos observar en las actividades anteriores, los diagramas se
convierten en una herramienta básica fundamental, el la resolución de
problemas informáticos, pero este modulo lo que pretende es dar a conocerlos,
sin profundizar mucho sobre ellos, es trabajo del estudiantes ahondar en los
conceptos y técnicas en el desarrollo de diagramas.
Lectura #4 Sobre el origen dela palabra algoritmo
“
:
MUHAMMAD BIN MUSA AL-KHWARIZMI (Algorizm)
(770 - 840 C. E.)
A Portrait of Al-Khwarizmi
by
Dr. A. Zahoor
Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was born at Khwarizm
(Kheva), a town south of river Oxus in present Uzbekistan. (Uzbekistan, a
Muslim country for over a thousand years, was taken over by the Russians in
1873.) His parents migrated to a place southof Baghdad when he was a child.
The exact date of his birth is not known. It has been established from his
contributions that he flourished under Khalifah (Calif) Al-Mamun at Baghdad
during 813 to 833 C.E. and died around 840 C.E. He is best known for
introducing the mathematical concept Algorithm, which is so named after his last
name.
Al-Khwarizmi was one of the greatest mathematiciansever lived. He was the
founder of several branches and basic concepts of mathematics. He is also
famous as an astronomer and geographer. Al-Khwarizmi influenced
mathematical thought to a greater extent than any other medieval writer. He is
recognized as the founder of Algebra, as he not only initiated the subject in a
systematic form but also developed it to the extent of giving analyticalsolutions
of linear and quadratic equations. The name Algebra is derived from his famous
book Al-Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah. He developed in detail trigonometric tables
containing the sine functions, which were later extrapolated to tangent functions.
Al-Khwarizmi also developed the calculus of two errors, which led him to the
concept of differentiation. He also refined the geometric representation ofconic
sections43
The influence of Al-Khwarizmi on the growth of mathematics, astronomy and
geography is well established in history. His approach was systematic and
logical, and not only did he bring together the then prevailing knowledge on
various branches of science but also enriched it through his original
contributions. He synthesized Greek and Hindu knowledge and also contained
his owncontribution of fundamental importance to mathematics and science. He
adopted the use of zero, a numeral of fundamental importance, leading up to the
so-called arithmetic of positions and the decimal system. His pioneering work on
the system of numerals is well known as "Algorithm," or "Algorizm." In addition to
introducing the Arabic numerals, he developed several arithmetical procedures,including operations on fractions.
In addition to an important treatise on Astronomy, Al-Khwarizmi wrote a book on
astronomical tables. Several of his books were translated into Latin in the early
l2th century by Adelard of Bath and Gerard of Cremona. The treatises on
Arithmetic, Kitab al-Jam'a wal-Tafreeq bil Hisab al-Hindi, and the one on
Algebra, Al-Maqala fi Hisab-al Jabr wa-al-Muqabilah,are known only from Latin
translations. It was this later translation which introduced the new science to the
West "unknown till then." This book was used until the sixteenth century as the
principal mathematical text book of European universities. His astronomical
tables were also translated into European languages and, later, into Chinese.
The contribution of Al-Khwarizmi to geography isalso outstanding. He not only
revised Ptolemy's views on geography, but also corrected them in detail.
Seventy geographers worked under Khwarizmi's leadership and they produced
the first map of the globe (known world) in 830 C.E. He is also reported to have
collaborated in the degree measurements ordered by khalifah (Caliph) Mamun
al-Rashid were aimed at measuring of volume and circumference...