Biology

Module II - Chemistry for Life – part I

Living systems obey chemical and physical laws. This module focuses on chemical principles that are necessary for understanding life processes. For example,energy transformations in the cell occur by the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. These chemical reactions result in the reorganization of sub-atomic particles. We begin this module withinvestigations of matter, elements and compounds.
Prepare for your workshop by reading in your textbook (Brooker et al Ch 2) and completing the Pre-Workshop Activities below. Show your work in thesepages.

1- What are the 4 most abundant elements in living things (by weight)? Think of a way to remember them.
  | Element | Percentage in human body | Mass [Kg] |
O | Oxygen | 65 | 34.45 |C | Carbon | 18 | 9.54 |
H | Hydrogen | 10.2 | 5.406 |
N | Nitrogen | 3.1 | 1.643 |

2- Atoms consist primarily of three kinds of subatomic particles. Identify and describe particles bycompleting the table below.

Name of Subatomic particle | Relative Electric Charge (as compared to a proton) | Relative Mass (amu) (as compared to a proton) |
Netrons | 0 | 1.68 x 10^ -24 g |Protons | +1,602177E-19 C | 1.67 x 10^ -24 g |
Electrons | 1,602177E-19 C | 9.1 x 10^ -28g |
| | |

3- Draw a diagram of a helium atom, atomic number 2. Label the nucleus and all subatomicparticles. Show the electric charge of each particle



4- Write a sentence that describes the change that would turn an atom into a negative ion (anion) or into a positive ion(cation).
An atom becomes an ion when it either gains or loses an electron.

For the next 3 Questions: Match each of the following bonds with the phrase that describes it below. a. Hydrogenbond b. Ionic bond c. Covalent bond

5- Sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms: covalent bond
6- Attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom...