Breathing

13 Breathing

1 (a) Energy is obtained from food by a process called...… (A)….. Cellular respiration
(b) The intake of oxygen and output of carbon dioxide at a respiratory surface is called….. (B)….. Gaseous exchange
(c) The process of renewing air in the lungs is called...…(C)….. Ventilation
(d) Which of the processes A-C are included in the term ‘breathing’? C and B2 Name, in the correct order, the structures that incoming air would pass through between;
• Nasal cavity
• Pharynx
• glottis
• larynx
• trachea
• bronchi
•bronchioles
• diaphragm
• alveolus

3 What is the function of the rings of cartilage in the respiratory passages?
Rings of cartilage= hold the air passages open
4 Using the words 'cilia' and'mucus', describe, very briefly, how the body gets rid of dust
Which enters the lungs.
The lining of the air passages produces mucus which traps dust particles. Cilia in the lining flick to and fro tocarry the mucus up and out of the passages.

5 Which of the following is correct?
When we inhale
(a) Our intercostals muscles contract and our ribs move down
(b) Our diaphragm musclescontract and the ribs move up
(c) Our diaphragm muscles contract and the ribs move down
(d) Our intercostals muscles contract and the diaphragm muscles relax.

6 In what two ways will thecomposition of blood coming from the pulmonary artery differ
from that going to the pulmonary vein?
Blood in the pulmonary artery will contain less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than blood in thepulmonary vein
7 The percentage of oxygen absorbed from the air in the lungs is always about the same, so how can the oxygen supply to the blood be increased during vigorous activity?
Breathing becomesdeeper and more rapid, thus exposing the capillaries to a greater volume of air in a given time.

8 Inhaled air contains about 21 % oxygen. What is the approximate percentage
concentration of oxygen...