Como Sea

Section 1 Introduction
Scope. The scope and extent of shipboard electrical systems are strictly a function of the size and mission of the ship. Shipboard electrical systems include an electric power plant, lighting, interior communications and
controls, exterior communications, navigation systems, and many other safety and mission-related electric/electronic support systems. The importantaspects of electrical systems, from a marine engineer's perspective, are reviewed in the following sections. Naval combat and combat support systems are, however, too diversified to be
comprehensively covered in this text.
All ships have an electric power plant similar to a land-based electric utility with the capacity ranging from a few hundred kilowatts at the lower end of the scale up to 40 MWfor a nuclear aircraft carrier. Electric power is required for propulsion, propulsion system auxiliaries, deck machinery, illumination, heating, ventilation, air conditioning, stores and cargo refrigeration, galley, fresh water and sanitary systems, and safety and casualty control such as fire and bilge systems, fire detection and alarm systems, and remotely operated watertight and firescreendoors. Power must also be supplied for interior communication systems, controls, radio communications, radar, and other electronic aids to navigation and shipboard operation.
For military ships, a significant amount of electric power is required by the mission-related payloads, such as the combat system (weapons, command, communications, control, electronic warfare and countermeasures, etc.), andcombat support and supply systems.
For passenger vessels, the electric power requirements extend to hotel and recreation loads such as theaters, restaurants, and swimming pools.
1.2 Requirements and Constraints. A majority of the requirements and constraints for shipboard electrical systems are driven by the mission of the ship as determined and defined by the ship's owner/operator. For U.S.merchant ships, marine electrical installations must comply with rules and regulations based on laws promulgated by the United States Government. The following is a listing of such rules and regulations.

United States Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Title 46 Shipping, Subchapter J Electrical Engineering.
• United States Coast Guard Instruction "COM-DTINST M16672.2"—Navigation Rules,International-Inland.

Ámbito de aplicación. El alcance y la extensión de los sistemas eléctricos de a bordo son estrictamente una función del tamaño y la misión de la nave. sistemas eléctricos de a bordo incluyen una planta de energía Elec-trica, alumbrado, comunicaciones interiores y controles, las comunicaciones exteriores, sistemas de navegación y seguridad y muchas otras relacionadas con la misióneléctrica / elec ¬ sistemas electrónicos de apoyo. Los aspectos más importantes de los sistemas de electricidad ¬ cal, desde la perspectiva de un ingeniero naval, son revisados en las secciones siguientes. Combate naval y los sistemas de combate de apoyo son, sin embargo, muy diversificadas,ampliamente recogidos en este texto.
Todos los buques tienen una planta de energía eléctrica similar a unaempresa eléctrica con base en tierra con la capacidad que van desde unos cientos de kilovatios en el extremo inferior de la escala de hasta 40 MW para un portaaviones nuclear. La energía eléctrica es necesaria para la propulsión, auxiliares del sistema de propulsión, la maquinaria de cubierta, iluminación, calefacción, ventilación, acondicionamiento de aire con-, las tiendas y la refrigeración dela carga, la cocina, frescas sistemas wa ter ¬ y sanitarias, y la seguridad y el control de siniestros tales como incendios y de achique sistemas, los sistemas de detección de incendios y de alarma, y al agua a control remoto y puertas cortafuego ¬ pantalla. El poder también se presentarán para los sistemas de comunicación interior, los controles, las comunicaciones de radio, radar y otras ayudas...