Computational linguistics

CIENCIA DE LA COMPUTACIÓN
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COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS Models, Resources, Applications

COMPUTATIONAL LINGUISTICS Models, Resources, Applications

Igor A. Bolshakov and Alexander Gelbukh

FIRST EDITION: 2004 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in anyform or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. D.R. © 2004 INSTITUTO POLITÉCNICO NACIONAL Dirección de Publicaciones Tresguerras 27, 06040, DF D.R. © 2004 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO Torre de Rectoría, 9° Piso, Ciudad Universitaria, 045100, México DF D.R. © 2004 FONDO DE CULTURA ECONÓMICA CarreteraPicacho-Ajusco 227, 14200, México DF ISBN: 970-36-0147- 2

Impreso en México / Printed in Mexico

Serie Ciencia de la Computación

The growth of the amount of available written information originated in the Renaissance with the invention of printing press and increased nowadays to unimaginable extent has obliged the man to acquire a new type of literacy related to the new forms of media besideswriting. One of such forms is the computer—an object of the modern world that increases the degree of freedom of human action and knowledge, where the fantasy becomes reality, and the new common alphabet penetrates the presence marked by such a phenomenon as computing. However, even though this phenomenon has become a part of our everyday life, the printed text has not been substituted by theelectronic text; on the contrary, they have become into symbiotic elements that constitute fundamental means for accelerating the transition to the advance society and economy restructured towards the science, technology, and promotion and dissemination of knowledge. Only through such spread of knowledge is it possible to create a scientific culture founded on the permanent quest for the truth,informed criticism, and the systematic, rigorous, and intelligent way of human actions. In this context, the Computer Science Series published by the Center for Computing Research (CIC) of the National Polytechnic Institute in collaboration with the National Autonomous University of Mexico and the Economic Culture Fund editorial house (Fondo de Cultura Económica) presents the works by outstandingMexican and foreign specialists—outstanding both in their research and educational achievements—in the areas of tutoring systems, system modeling and simulation, numerical analysis, information systems, software engineering, geoprocessing, digital systems, electronics, automatic control, pattern recognition and image processing, natural language processing and artificial intelligence.

In this way,the publishing effort of the CIC—which includes the journal Computación y Sistemas, the Research on Computing Science series, the technical reports, conference proceedings, catalogs of solutions, and this book series—reaffirms its adherence to the high standards of research, teaching, industrial collaboration, guidance, knowledge dissemination, and development of highly skilled human resources.This series is oriented to specialists in the field of computer science, with the idea to help them to extend and keep up to date their information in this dynamic area of knowledge. It is also intended to be a source of reference in their everyday research and teaching work. In this way one can develop himself or herself basing on the fundamental works of the scientific community—which promotionand dissemination of science is. We believe that each and every book of this series is a must-have part of the library of any professional in computer science and allied areas who consider learning and keeping one’s knowledge up to date essential for personal progress and the progress of our country. Helpful support for this can be found in this book series characterized first and foremost by its...