Cranes

Definition. 3
Whats is a Crane? 3
Types of Crane. 3

Parts of Crane. 3
- Suporting Frame. 3
- Super Estructure. 3
- Suport Element. 3

Aplications. 4

Hazards. 4
- Climate. 4
- Mecanical. 4
- Human. 4

Risk and Risk Elements. 4 – 5 – 6

Preventions.6 – 7 – 8

Security Systems 8 – 10

Apendize 11









What is a crane?

A crane is a piece of mechanical equipment used to lift and move heavy objects. Cranes consist of a large arm extending from the base, while the earlier embodiment of the cranes are mounted and operated by lever systems and the pulley, more advancedcranes may extend hundreds of meters , while it is mounted in vehicles or platforms. Because of its large size (s), the cranes can only lift heavy objects, but will also move to another destination location (s).

Recall that a crane is a device used to raise and lower material, added to the fact that you can move horizontally because it is equipped mechanically with cables, hoists, and other crucialparts of its constitution.

Types of cranes.

Crane models are many. Calls are tower cranes, industrial cranes, truck cranes, cranes that operate all-terrain mobile cranes.

Regarding the case of the mobile crane, the same is configured as follows: is an assembly of a vehicle called carrier, which is normally on wheels and which in turn has a propulsion system and also with a systemdirection.

Parts of a crane.

 Supporting frame: Metal frame on which, besides the propulsion and direction, fixing the other components.

 Superstructure: Consisting of a platform based on slewing ring which connects to the chassis and allows rotation of 360 °, which supports the arrow or pen that can be lattice or telescopic lifting equipment, cockpit, and in some cases, counter- scrolling. Support elements: Through the efforts are transmitted to the ground, crawler wheels and stabilizers or auxiliary supports available to mobile cranes on wheels and are constituted by hydraulic jacks mounted on extendable arms, on which rest is totally machine which allows increase the area of the circle of support and improve burden-sharing in the field.

In terms of overall structure should bementioned that the crane can rotate about 360 degrees because of its slewing ring. Also has a counter capable to move as required.




Applications

Possible applications of these devices according to their load diagram are:

 Load / unload your own vehicle or another vehicle.
 Lift, hold and move loads in the positions allowed by loading diagram.
 Lifting, holding and moving loadsbelow ground level by loading diagram.
 Lift loads at a high altitude and then sustain this load for assembly (rafters, girders, concrete elements, etc..).
 Use of accessories authorized by the manufacturers as: (third articulated arm), spoon to lift and move bulk material (sand, pebbles, etc..), Carries palette, octopus, etc..
 Transporting concrete vats to different areas and drop concretingat height.
 Loading and unloading of vehicles.
 Lifting loads from the ground at different heights (eg. Transport gravel roof)
 Installation works such as positioning of beams and structures of a building.
 Increase building materials on pallets at different heights of a building, transporting it from the truck itself, soil or other truck.
 Moving the cupola of concreting todifferent heights to concrete.
 Place pipes at ground level or inside trenches and keep them in place while you are joined together.
 Handling heavy loads, prefabricated concrete slabs, etc.. in the construction industry mainly.
 Hold and move submersible pumps in wells for repair or replacement using a winch.

HAZARDS.
Climate: sun, heat, cold, wind, fog
Mechanical:...