Dafo Renfe

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INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS RENFE OPERADORA?
RENFE Operadora is the main railway operator in Spain. It is the traveler only operator Spanish railway sector for General Interest Network, and one of the operators of goods.
Configured as a public company under the Ministry of Development. As the name suggests, is heir to the legacy of RENFE (Spanish National Railways), acompany created in 1941. After extinguishing the 1 of January of 2005 required by RENFE Railway Sector Act the company was divided into two companies, one operating the train called RENFE Operadora, and other that manages infrastructure called ADIF (Railway Infrastructure Administrator).
RENFE has four operational areas:
• Public Services Department of Short Distance and Midrange
•GeneralDirectorate Long Distance Services
• General Directorate of Logistics and Freight Services
• General Directorate of Manufacturing and Maintenance

RAIL SERVICES
LONG DISTANCE
* AVE: High speed lines. Trains can reached 310km / h
* Alvia: High-speed and conventional lines .Trains can reach 250km / h
* Altaria: Talgo pulled by a locomotive. Partially circulating high-speed lines, with amaximum speed of 200 km / h.
Lines unchanged gauge (the spanish gauge is different from the european one):
Alaris, Euromed, Talgo, Arco, Trenhotel, Estrella

MIDRANGE
In Middle Distance lines may receive grants, particularly as each line usually by regional governments, and globally through an agreement with the state government called “program contract”. There is a high-speed and midrangetrain called Avant, capable of traveling up to 250 km / h with a performance very similar to other medium distance trains, linking nearby cities. The basic services are termed Regional and Regional Express

SHORT DISTANCE
Short Distance include suburban rail services circulating within large metropolitan areas.

NARROW GAUGE
RENFE also operates an extensive network of narrow gaugeservices, which received from FEVE (Narrow Gauge Railway)

RATES
RENFE Operadora, just as most of the railway companies, uses a system of general tariffs in which each path between two stations in a particular type of train has set a fixed overall fee, which are provided on various discounts.
The overall rate for long distance services is set by the operator for each route, penalizing the routesbetween nearby cities and favoring the routes between the ends of the line, while in the general tariff Midrange is in kilometers, depending directly to the distance traveled.
Applicable discounts are of two types: fixed discounts for certain groups (families, children, return) and promotional discounts. Promotional discounts are only apply to long-distance trains in two rates, Estrella and Web.Originally, promotional discount had a fixed value, nowadays the discount offered is very variable, giving rise to a wide range of prices.
FIGURES
In 2010 RENFE Operadora had 13,830 employees, with revenues of 2.513 billion euros 1.086.237.000 in long distance and 618.809.000 euros in short and midrange The average advantage of positions offered was 59.6% in long distance and 31.5% in short andmidrange.
In commodities, utilization was 39.1%. It transported 16.1 million tons of cargo, with a rate of 7417.3 net ton-kilometers.
FINANCING
Since 1954, after the extinction of RENFE and creating RENFE Operadora, the state covered the deficit produced by exploiting deficient lines. Since 2010, due to European legislation, is not possible to completely subsidize rail transport, but only the linesthat perform a public service. Since then Long Distance section remain exclusively through sales revenue bills, while midrange and shortrange maintain subsidies that cover their losses.
Sometimes the road transport bosses denounced the unfair competition that may cause this type of subsidies.
In June 2012, following the approval of Royal Decree-Law 22/2012, 20 of July, the Ministry of...