Energias Renovables En El Oceano

Energy Systems Engineering

Karla Gutierrez
Olivia Moreno
Claudia Valles
OCEAN ENERGY
Wave Power, Tidal Power and Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

Table of Contents
List of Figures 3
List of tables 4
Introduction 5
Wave Energy 6
Oscillating Body 6
Oscillating water column 7
Location of the Best Waves 8
Environmental Impacts 8
Wave Energy Costs 9
Tidal Power 10
Tides11
Tidal barrage 12
Current Technology 13
Tidal Streams 15
Environmental impacts 16
Economics 17
Social Implications 18
Ocean thermal Energy Conversion 19
Environmental impacts 24
Economics 27
Social impacts 28
Life Cycle Assessment 28
Life Cycle Phases 30
Raw Material Extraction Phase 31
Production/Manufacturing Phase 32
Utilization Phase 33
Disposal Phase 33Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) 33
Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) 34
Life Cycle of a SeaGen Tidal Device versus an Oyster Wave Device 34
SeaGen Tidal Device 34
Oyster Wave Device 37
Conclusions 41
References 42

List of Figures
Figure 1: Oscillating Body 7
Figure 2: Oscillating Water Column 7
Figure 3: OWC Parts 8
Figure 4: Wave Power Density 9
Figure 5: Tidal Power Potential(LEGOS) 11
Figure 6: Tides (astronomy without a telescope) 12
Figure 7: Ebb generating system (ACRE) Australian CRC for Renewable Energy LTD) 13
Figure 8: Tidal Barrage (Darvill) 13
Figure 9: a) Bulb b)Rim c) Tubular turbine (ESRU) 15
Figure 10: Tidal Fence (ESRU) 16
Figure 11: Tidal Turbine Farm 17
Figure 12: Temperature Differences between surface and 100m depth (Wikipedia) 21Figure 13: Diagram of a closed cycle OTEC 22
Figure 14: Diagram of a hybrid OTEC [22] 23
Figure 15: On shore OTEC [23] 24
Figure 16: Offshore OTEC 25
Figure 17: Capital cost for OTEC 28
Figure 18: Flowchart of Life Cycle Assessment 31
Figure 19: Detailed Diagram of the components of an LCA study 33
Figure 20: Sea Gen Turbine 36
Figure 21: GaBi manufacturing process flow diagram ofSea Gen 37
Figure 22: Global Warming Emissions to Air for Sea Gen 38
Figure 23: Oyster Wave Device's Functionality 39
Figure 24: GaBi manufacturing process flow diagram of Oyster Device 40
Figure 25: Global Warming Emissions to Air for Oyster Device 41


List of tables
Table 1: Investment Costs for Wave Energy 9
Table 2: Materials and Energy Requirements for Sea Gen Turbine 35Table 3: Materials and Energy Requirements for Oyster Device 38

Introduction
The purpose of this project is to inform the audience about the state of the art ocean technologies, their impacts on the environment, society and their costs, also a life cycle analysis of two different already existent technologies was performed in order to assess the environmental impact of these technologies in theirmanufacturing phase. According to the Department of Energy, experts believe there could be enough ocean power to provide up to two terawatts of electricity.
This work is divided in several sections; the first one will discuss the wave technologies their impacts in the environment, society and costs related to the technology. The second section will be discussing the tidal technologies, and theirdifferent impact in the already mentioned sectors. The third section focuses in the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and their related impacts as well. The fourth section focuses in the Life Cycle Analysis, among two different device technologies, the comparison is between a tidal device and a wave device, and the results on their global warming potential impact are discussed. At the endconclusions and final thoughts are presented.

Wave Energy
The wave energy emerges from the action of the wind in the surface of the ocean creating waves. Wave power devices extract energy directly from the surface motion of ocean waves or from pressure fluctuations below the surface (ocsenergy). Specifically Wave energy is one of the three ocean resources whose conversion technologies are...