Ensayo Critico

I. Introduction
This paper demonstrates the importance of the discovery of penicillin in our society and it’s significant during Wars times. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. Its discovery is very important in scientific history, because every day it saves many people from dying during wars and tragedy. At the time Penicillin was discovered society was plagued with people dyingfrom many diseases and wars were happening during this time.
II. The discovery of penicillin
The original discovery of penicillin has also been among the best-known events in the history of medicine. It was not until September 1928 when Fleming showed his mouldy culture plate and realized that he was looking at something that would eventually revolutionize the practice of medicine (Macfarlane1984).

It all started when he was researching in the properties of staphylococcus species, had set aside many Petri dishes containing bacterial colonies prior to leave for vacation with his family. A month later, he returned to a mess of agar contaminated after weeks of neglect and incubation at room temperature (Wong 2003). Fleming hypothesized that there was something interesting about themold, and immediately took a sample of it for further cultures. He had been working with lysozyme for some time and most assumed that this was another example of the activity of this enzyme. Fleming preserved the plate by fixation after saving some of the mold colony, but no further advances was made (Wong 2003). Fleming deduced that the mold must have released a substance that inhibited the growthof the bacteria and named the active ingredient in the mold penicillin. Fleming used some components of the Scientific Method when he discovered penicillin. Since he discovered penicillin by accident, he did not question and proposes a hypothesis about the penicillin. However, devise a hypothesis for the penicillin experiment because when starting the experiment he was trying to prove a differentantibacterial theory based on his own nasal mucus (Maurois 1959).

The resulting work was published in Fleming’s now famous paper 1929, “On the Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium” (Wong 125), the paper provided an elegant summary of his discovery, detailed the characteristics of the mold, its appearance, growth conditions, effects of heat and filtration, and solubilitycharacteristic(Wong 2003). It is clear, that Fleming felt excited by his discovery.

III. Penicillin effects
Penicillin effects were so dramatic that they had a powerful impact on all who heard of or saw them. Such infections as pneumonia, rheumatic fever, gas gangrene, syphilis, and gonorrhoea, as well as sore throats, earaches, and boils, often yielded remarkably quickly (Bud 2007). The drama ofpenicillin history itself fostered medical interest and patient’s optimism.

IV. Penicillin availability
Penicillin became available to patients at a time when publics across the world yearned for good news. In many countries, rationing lasted till well after the Second World War, even in Canada it outlasted the war by two years. Penicillin was a symbol of the wider range of effectivemedicines then becoming available. Historian David Adams pointed out “symbolized the prospect of a new, more luxurious life that would be born through the suffering of war” (Bud 55). Even an early post-war official study found difficulty in separating out the effect that penicillin had when it was introduced progressively more widely (Bud 2007).

V. Penicillin during wars years and after
Duringwar 1914-1918 Fleming made a careful study of recently wounds, and noticed a remarkable fact. Phagocytosis was more active in them than in wound infections observed in ordinary civil practice. “Surrounded by all those infected wound, by men who were suffering and dying without our being able to do anything to help them, I was consumed by a desire to discover after all this struggling and waiting,...