Ensayo
By: Adrian Chu, Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195. November 12, 2009.
The Goal
Every manufacturing company has one goal – to make money. In order to do so, a company must
consider three important methodologies of measuring progress toward the goal: throughput, inventory
and operating expense.
“Throughput is the rate at which the system generates money through sales (Goldratt 60).” An item
must be sold, not just produced for an item to be considered throughput. In addition, production
managers must work with sales and marketing people to ensure that the most optimal quantity is produced.
“Inventory is all the money that the system has invested in purchasing things which it intends to sell
(Goldratt 60).” Accountants typically consider inventory an asset on the balance sheet. Many
companies fail because they neglected the importance of having sufficient cash flow. Work‐in‐progress or products that don’t sell are illiquid and cannot readily be converted into cash or equivalents.
“Operating expense is all the money the system spends in order to turn inventory into throughput
(Goldratt 61).” Many people consider value‐added labor an asset as it increases the value of the product
being made. However, it is simpler just to consider labor as overhead since both inventory and operating expense are negative while throughput is positive.
OPT Game: Initial Strategy
First, I decided to make a list of the variables and constraints. Setup time and production time for each
unit is given. Another constraint is that only one red and one green station can be used at once. So my
first strategy is to keep stations running and productive as long as raw material stocks are available.
Since we have unlimited customer demand, overproduction would not be an issue. Next, my plan is to
keep A and B running at the same time and then C and D running at the same time while making
changes as needed. My initial batch consisted of 50 Raw Material As and 100 Raw Material Bs since I
knew B was produced faster than A. I had made some calculations using information provided. Please
1
see attached appendices for more information. It is clear that we should make larger quantities in each
batch due to lengthy setup times. The following is the result of my first round:
Week One Results from my first round of the OPT Game. OPT Game: Revision of strategy 1
One major issue I noticed after playing the first round is that the yellow stations stayed idle for too long.
Since yellow is independent of the other stations, we must have it start setting up from the very
beginning to avoid any wasted time. Another fault is that I purchased too many raw materials, which
caused raw material costs to exceed sales revenue. From calculation, we need to make at least $2,500
to break even on our operating expenses. The profit potential for each unit is $40 per unit, so we need
to build 63 units in one week to avoid bankruptcy. However, if we assume our inventory will be $0, then we can survive week one having just $1,000 profit, which equals to only 25 units. So our immediate goal
should be to make at least 25‐63 units, dependant on the amount of inventory we have on hand.
2
Week One Results from my second round of the OPT Game.
OPT Game: Revision of strategy 2A
This time we survived week one. However, we still experienced negative cash flow, which means if we
don’t make ...
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