Fisica

Definición de afijos:
Los afijos son secuencias lingüísticas que se anteponen (prefijos), se posponen (sufijos) o se insertan (infijos) en la palabra para modificar su significado.
Al igual que en español, las palabras en inglés pueden consistir de tres partes: la raíz (the root), un prefijo (a prefix) y/o  un sufijo (a suffix).
* La raíz es la parte de la palabra que contiene elsignificado básico (definición).
* El prefijo es el elemento de la palabra que se coloca antes de la raíz. Un prefijo cambia el significado o hace una nueva palabra.
* El sufijo es el elemento de la palabra que se coloca después de la raíz.  El sufijo cambia el significado de la palabra, así como su función (uso) y en muchos casos el género y número.
Los prefijos y sufijos se llaman afijos porqueestan unidos a la raíz.
El conocer los afijos, no solament pueden ayudarte a identificar el significado de la palabra, sino que también pueden ayudar a incrementar tu vocabulario en inglés.

http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/MorphologicalChange.htm
Morphology of English a fairly short subject
·         relatively few inflections
 
PRONOUNS have more forms
·         number: bigthing in EModE: implications of the eventual loss of thou
·         OE second person singular form
·         how does PDE cope with not distinguishing number in the second person?
·         gender: which “person” distinguishes gender? 3rd
·         are there any EModE 3sg forms that cause ambiguities?
·         case: pronouns change shape to distinguish subject and object
·        professor, but she/her
·         are there any EModE changes that level or extend case distinctions?
 
·         NOUNS
·         some minor plural paradigms
·         loanwords like cactus, -i
·         to what extent are these productive?! Ask Zach!
·         native: ox, goose, sheep
·         healthy enough that the loanword moose entered the sheep class. Perceived analogy:
·         similarmeaning: denoted an animal
·         not dissimilar sounds: long vowel
·         most nouns mark plural, possession with –s
·         apostrophe can be discussed in the context of disambiguiation
·         it’s the “productive” plural marker
·         some words ending in –s have had that –s removed to form new singulars: loanwords sherry, cherry, native word pea
·         specific kind ofanalogical change: a kind of folk etymology called back formation
·         people assume that a word has a morphological composition that it didn’t originally have (root + affix, usually) and remove that affix, creating a new word: back formation
·         e.g., the assumed model was the class of regular plural nouns ending in -s
·         another model is agent nouns in -er
·         -er usuallyadded to verbs to form an agent noun
·         sometimes removed from nouns to form new verbs
·         letch from lecher
 
·         ADJECTIVES can mark comparative and superlative in two ways
·         “periphrastic” strategy with more, most appeared in ME: most wonderful!
·         variation in EModE: Millward’s exx are Shakespeare’s more bold and violentest
·         inflections -erand –est native to OE: exx monosyllables older, oldest
·         historically the inflections had caused mutation of the vowel before them (o to e from old to eldest)
·         survives in a very few relics: elder, eldest
·         restricted in meaning
·         mostly subjected to levelling, analogical: forms reduced
·         OE lang, leng-: from 2 to 1 -> long, longer, longest
·        prompt them to cough up length and strength
 
·         VERBS
·         lexical verbs mark present 3 sg with –s
·         I’m distinguishing these from modals (He will)
·         OE marked it with –th
·         Sidney’s poem “The nightingale” has convenient variation!
·         originally regional: -s from the north
·         by C16th, formality: prose, biblical stuff
·         by...