Geographic information system
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Publicado: 1 de marzo de 2012
GIS
Geographic Information System
INTRODUCTION
•
•
GIS= Integrated system that store, manage and analyze geographically located data that you can visualize on a map.
Layer based geographicinformation model.
Features
•
• •
Points
Lines Polygons
Attributes
http://training.esri.com/Courses/StartGIS/index.cfm
SCALE
•
•
Scale is the relationship between the sizeof a feature on a map and its actual size in the real world.
Ratio = 1: 10,000
COORDINATE SYSTEM
•
• •
The positions of objects on the earth’s spherical surface are measured in geographiccoordinates.
Latitude – longitude: locate exact position on the surface, but they are not uniform units of measure. 1° longitude Equator = 111.321 km., 60° latitude = 55.802 km.
PROJECTEDCOORDINATE SYSTEMS
•
• •
Data is often transformed from three dimensional geographic coordinates to two dimensional projected coordinates.
Flattening the earth will cause some distortions (Distance,area, shape, direction). Scale
GEOGRAPHIC DATA
Vector data
• • Use shapes to represent features (trees, roads, lakes) Represent continuous data (does not have distinct boundaries or well definedshapes).
Raster data •
• •
Cell structure (arranged in rows and columns) the same size.
Each cell in a raster stores a value. Examples = ground cover, precipitation, DEM.
APLICATIONS
ARCMAP• Display and explore GIS datasets for your study area.
ARCCATALOG • • Browse and find geographic information Record, view, and manage metadata
•
Define, export, and import geodatabase datamodels and datasets
ARCTOOLBOX
• Access to advanced geoprocessing tools.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
•
•
GPS tells us the "where". GIS tells us the "what".
24 satellites orbiting theearth at altitudes of approximately 11,000 miles
GPS
• • • • A receiver receives a signal from a GPS satellite It calculates the difference from the current time and the time sent by the...
Geographic Information System
INTRODUCTION
•
•
GIS= Integrated system that store, manage and analyze geographically located data that you can visualize on a map.
Layer based geographicinformation model.
Features
•
• •
Points
Lines Polygons
Attributes
http://training.esri.com/Courses/StartGIS/index.cfm
SCALE
•
•
Scale is the relationship between the sizeof a feature on a map and its actual size in the real world.
Ratio = 1: 10,000
COORDINATE SYSTEM
•
• •
The positions of objects on the earth’s spherical surface are measured in geographiccoordinates.
Latitude – longitude: locate exact position on the surface, but they are not uniform units of measure. 1° longitude Equator = 111.321 km., 60° latitude = 55.802 km.
PROJECTEDCOORDINATE SYSTEMS
•
• •
Data is often transformed from three dimensional geographic coordinates to two dimensional projected coordinates.
Flattening the earth will cause some distortions (Distance,area, shape, direction). Scale
GEOGRAPHIC DATA
Vector data
• • Use shapes to represent features (trees, roads, lakes) Represent continuous data (does not have distinct boundaries or well definedshapes).
Raster data •
• •
Cell structure (arranged in rows and columns) the same size.
Each cell in a raster stores a value. Examples = ground cover, precipitation, DEM.
APLICATIONS
ARCMAP• Display and explore GIS datasets for your study area.
ARCCATALOG • • Browse and find geographic information Record, view, and manage metadata
•
Define, export, and import geodatabase datamodels and datasets
ARCTOOLBOX
• Access to advanced geoprocessing tools.
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
•
•
GPS tells us the "where". GIS tells us the "what".
24 satellites orbiting theearth at altitudes of approximately 11,000 miles
GPS
• • • • A receiver receives a signal from a GPS satellite It calculates the difference from the current time and the time sent by the...
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