Gregor Mendel
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Publicado: 2 de septiembre de 2011
pter 9
Gregor Mendel deduced the fundamental principles of genetics by breeding garden peas.
He argued that parents pass on to their offspring discrete heritable factors (genes).
He studiedgarden peas because they had short generation times, they produced large numbers of offspring, they came in many readily distinguishable varieties and Mendel could control matings through pollination.
Aheritable feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color, is called a character.
Each variant for a character, such as purple or white flower, is called a trait.
Cross fertilization:fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant. He used the following method:
1. He cut off the stamens of a plant to avoid the production of pollen.
2. To cross fertilize thestamenless flower, he dusted its carpel with pollen from another plant.
3. After this, the carpel developed into a pod, containing seeds that he planted.
The seeds grew into offspring plants (F1).He worked until he was sure he had true-breeding varieties: varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent.
Hybrids: the offspring of two different varieties.Cross fertilization = hybridization.
P = parental plants.
F1 = hybrid generation
F2 = offspring of f1 generation
Monohybrid cross: parent plants differ in just one character.
Mendel’s fourhypothesis:
1. There are alternative versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters. The alternative versions of a gene are called alleles.
2. For each character anorganism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. An organism that has two identical alleles is homozygous (homozygote). An organism that has two different alleles is heterozygous (heterozygote).3. If an organism has two different alleles, one will determine an organism’s appearance. This allele is the dominant allele, the other has no noticeable effect and is called the recessive.
4. A...
Gregor Mendel deduced the fundamental principles of genetics by breeding garden peas.
He argued that parents pass on to their offspring discrete heritable factors (genes).
He studiedgarden peas because they had short generation times, they produced large numbers of offspring, they came in many readily distinguishable varieties and Mendel could control matings through pollination.
Aheritable feature that varies among individuals, such as flower color, is called a character.
Each variant for a character, such as purple or white flower, is called a trait.
Cross fertilization:fertilization of one plant by pollen from a different plant. He used the following method:
1. He cut off the stamens of a plant to avoid the production of pollen.
2. To cross fertilize thestamenless flower, he dusted its carpel with pollen from another plant.
3. After this, the carpel developed into a pod, containing seeds that he planted.
The seeds grew into offspring plants (F1).He worked until he was sure he had true-breeding varieties: varieties for which self-fertilization produced offspring all identical to the parent.
Hybrids: the offspring of two different varieties.Cross fertilization = hybridization.
P = parental plants.
F1 = hybrid generation
F2 = offspring of f1 generation
Monohybrid cross: parent plants differ in just one character.
Mendel’s fourhypothesis:
1. There are alternative versions of genes that account for variations in inherited characters. The alternative versions of a gene are called alleles.
2. For each character anorganism inherits two alleles, one from each parent. An organism that has two identical alleles is homozygous (homozygote). An organism that has two different alleles is heterozygous (heterozygote).3. If an organism has two different alleles, one will determine an organism’s appearance. This allele is the dominant allele, the other has no noticeable effect and is called the recessive.
4. A...
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