Heywood internal combustion engines fundamentals

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Powertrain Edited by Helmut List Scientific Board K. Kollmann, H. P. Lenz, R. Pischinger R. D. Reitz, T. Suzuki

Hermann Hiereth Peter Prenninger Charging the Internal Combustion Engine Powertrain

SpringerWienNewYork

Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Hermann Hiereth
Esslingen, Federal Republic of Germany

Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Peter Prenninger
AVL List GmbH, Graz, Austria

Translated from the Germanby Klaus W. Drexl. Originally published as Aufladung der Verbrennungskraftmaschine © 2003 Springer-Verlag, Wien

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of, translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks.Product liability. The publisher can give no guarantee for all the information contained in this book. This also refers to that on drug dosage and application thereof. In each individual case the respective user must check the accuracy of the information given by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc., in this publication does not imply, even inthe absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. © 2007 Springer-Verlag, Wien Printed in Austria SpringerWienNewYork is a part of Springer Science + Business Media springeronline.com Typesetting: Thomson Press (India) Ltd., Chennai, India Printing: Druckerei Theiss GmbH, 9431 St. Stefan im Lavanttal,Austria Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper SPIN 11686729

With 370 Figures

Library of Congress Control Number 2007927101

ISSN 1613-6349

ISBN 978-3-211-33033-3 SpringerWienNewYork

Preface

Supercharging the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is as old as the engine itself. Early on, it was used to improve the high-altitude performance of aircraftengines and later to increase the short-term peak performance in sporty or very expensive automobiles. It took nearly 30 years until it reached economic importance in the form of the efficiency-improving exhaust gas turbocharging of slow- and medium-speed diesel engines. It took 30 more years until it entered high-volume automotive engine production, in the form of both mechanically drivendisplacement compressors and modern exhaust gas turbocharging systems. Since, in spite of promising alternative developments for mobile applications, the internal combustion engine will remain dominant for the foreseeable future, its further development is essential. Today many demands are placed on automobile engines: on the one hand, consumers insist on extreme efficiency, and on the other hand lawsestablish strict standards for, e.g., noise and exhaust gas emissions. It would be extremely difficult for an internal combustion engine to meet these demands without the advantages afforded by supercharging. The purpose of this book is to facilitate a better understanding of the characteristics of superchargers in respect to their physical operating principles, as well as their interaction with pistonengines. This applies both to the displacement compressor and to exhaust gas turbocharging systems, which often are very complex. It is not intended to cover the layout, calculation, and design of supercharging equipment as such – this special area is reserved for the pertinent technical literature – but to cover those questions which are important for an efficient interaction between engine andsupercharging system, as well as the description of the tools necessary to obtain an optimal engine–supercharger combination. Special emphasis is put on an understandable depiction of the interrelationships in as simple a form as possible, as well as on the description and exemplified in-depth discussion of modern supercharging system development processes. As far as possible, the principal...