Ingles

FEDERICO VILLARREAL STATE UNIVERSITY
LANGUAGE INSTITUTE
RESIDENT MEDICAL TEST

Name and surname………………………………………………………
Date…………………………………………………………………………

1. Reading comprehension ( 5 points )
Arthritis
Arthritis and rheumatism are general names for approximately 100 diseases that produce inflammation or degeneration of connective tissue. Some of these diseases are infectiousand primarily affect younger people. Rheumatic fever, for example, is a bacterial infection that occurs mostly in children or teenagers. Rheumatoid arthritis predominantly strikes women between 20 and 60. However, the most common rheumatic disease is a noninfectious, noninflammatory degenerative joint disease - osteoarthritis. To some degree, it affects nearly all older adults, causing swelling,pain, and stiffness in joints. Treatment may include heat, exercises, and drugs that reduce pain and inflammation.
Besides osteoarthritis, many other noninfectious diseases can limit the activities of the elderly. Osteoporosis (a condition in which bone loss exceeds bone replacement so that the bones become less dense, more porous, and more brittle) often leads to fractures, especially of thehipbone. Many conditions conspire to decrease the sensory perception of the elderly. Cataracts are created when the lens of the eye - or a portion of it - becomes opaque and sometimes swells or shrinks and interferes with vision. Deterioration of nerves in the inner ear causes the characteristic old-age hearing loss, most severe in the high-pitched tones. The senses of taste and smell also deterioratein old age.

Source: Tiersky, E.M. (1992) The Language of Medicine in English, Englewood Cliff.
Questions
Answer True or False to the following statements:

1. Rheumatic fever is a viral infection. T F

2. Osteoporosis is the most common arthritic disease. T F

3.Elderly people's senses are less acute than when they were younger. T F

4. Cataracts are transparent.

5. Three terms associated with osteoporosis are dense, porous and brittle. T F

2. Reading comprehension ( 5 points )
STDs
Are condoms effective at preventing HIV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?
Studies into the effectiveness of condomshave shown that if a latex condom is used correctly every time you have sex, this is highly effective in providing protection against HIV.1
The evidence for the effectiveness of condoms is clearest in studies of couples in which one person is infected with HIV and the other not (discordant couples). In a study of discordant couples in Europe, among 123 couples who reported consistently usingcondoms, none of the uninfected partners became infected. In contrast, among the 122 couples who used condoms inconsistently, 12 of the uninfected partners became infected.2 A recent review of 14 studies involving discordant couples concluded that consistent use of condoms led to an 80% reduction in HIV incidence.3
In addition, correct and consistent use of latex condoms can reduce the risk ofother STDs, including chlamydia, genital herpes, gonorrhea and syphilis4 5
Condoms must be used consistently and correctly to provide maximum protection. Consistent use of condoms means using a condom from start to finish with each act of intercourse. Correct condom use should include:7
* Use a new condom for each act of intercourse
* Put on the condom as soon as erection occurs andbefore any sexual contact (vaginal, anal or oral).
* Hold the tip of the condom and unroll it onto the erect penis, leaving space at the tip of the condom, yet ensuring that no air is trapped in the condom's tip.
* Adequate lubrication is important, but use only water-based lubricants on latex condoms. Oil-based lubricants such as petroleum jelly (vaseline), cold cream, hand lotion or baby...