Ionic And Covalent Bonds

Ionic and covalent bonds
In ionic bonding, atoms transfer electrons to each other.  Ionic bonds require at least one electron donor and one electron accepter.  In contrast, atoms that have the sameelectro negativity share electrons in covalent bonds since donating or receiving electrons is unfavorable.
Ionic Bonding:  Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms.It is a type of chemical bond that generates 2 oppositely charged ions.  In ionic bonds, the metal loses electrons to become a positively charged cation, whereas the non-metal accepts thoseelectrons to become a negatively charged anion. Ionic bonds require an electron donor, metal, and an electron accepter, nonmetal. 
Ionic Bonding is observed because metals have few electrons in its outer-mostorbital.  By losing those electrons, these metals can achieve noble-gas configuration and satisfy the octet rule. Similarly, nonmetals that have close to 8 electrons in its valence shell tend toreadily accept electrons to achieve its noble gas configuration.  In ionic bonding, more than 1 electron can be donated or received to satisfy the octet rule.  The charge on the anion and cationcorresponds to the number of electrons donated or received.  In ionic bonds, the net charge of the compound must be zero. 
Covalent Bonding:  Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between atoms.  Thistype of bonding occurs between two of the same element or elements close to each other in the periodic table. This bonding occurs primarily between nonmetals; however, it can also be observed betweennonmetals and metals as well. 
When molecules have similar electro negativity, same affinity for electrons, covalent bonds are most likely to occur. Since both atoms have the same affinity forelectrons and neither is willing to donate them, they share electrons in order to achieve octet configuration and become more stable. In addition, the ionization energy of the atom is too large and the...