Mental Disorders

Dissociate identity disorder-2 or more distinct personalities
Post traumatic stress model: D.I.D. arises from severe abuse during childhood
Sociocognitive model: evidence for “split personality”is unconnouncing idea of atlers may be planted by the therapist.
1)most show no signs of alters till they get to therapy.
2)the process of treating DID encourages the precense of atlers.
3)thenumber of a atlers increases as therapy continues.

Schizophrenia
“split mind”
disturbances in language, thought relationships.
Positive symptoms-(behavioral excesses: hllucinations + delusions)Negative symptoms-(behavioral deficits: social withdrawal, limited speech, decreased emotions)
Cognitive symptoms-(memory, attention span, social cognition)

Delusions.
Strongly held belief thathas no basis in reality.
-persecutory delusions (paranoid delusions)
-somatic delusions(delusions relating to body)
-romantic delusions

Hallucinations: Sensory perception that occur in the absenceof external sensory experiences
-usually auditory
-command hallucinations-heightened risk of violence
-believe that is coming from the external source(voices)

Disorganized speech: languageskips from topic to topic in a disorganized way
“word salad”
-thought disorder

Disorganized behavior (catatonia)
-inappropriate laughing, dessing, crying, swearing, outburst, etc.
-unpredictablebehavior
Catatonic symptoms: motor problems, maintaining bizarre postures refused to speak or move pacing. Echolalia, frenzied movements

Bio explanations:
Brain abnormalities: -enlarged ventricles-decreased activatin in frontal lobe
neurotransmitter differences
-abnormalities in dopamine receptor sites- dopamine excesses=positive symps.
-dopamine deficits= negative symps *glutamateGenetics:
Increased chance of getting scz if parent or sib has it.
Diathesis-stress model: combinations of genetic predisposition and environmental stressors
Risk factors: social withdrawal, poor...