Parasitos en la comida: alerta a los amantes del sushi

Parasites in food: caution for the sushi lover

Garza Cerna Jorge, Monroy Tijerina Liliana, Vázquez Pérez Alan
Abstract
Sushi is a very common Japanese dish commonly consumed around the world. The main ingredient includes different kinds of raw fishes that are an input via for many kind of parasites pathogenic for humans. Although there are a few reported cases of this disease, infections arevery common causing extraintestinal manifestations that can be mortal. There're two parasites commonly related to this disease which are Anisakis simplex and Dyphyllobothrium latum, they are responsible for most cases of sushi allergy, gastrointestinal disease that can develop to several damage of abdominal organs. These infections are very easy to prevent and medicate, but if they are nottreated on time they can cause serious damage.  

Introduction
Sushi is a very common dish in Asian countries that has as main ingredient raw fish. Its popularity has been getting bigger all around the world that’s why now we can hear about people getting sick after eating any kind of sushi in Canada, Spain, Brazil, etc. (Nakamura, Hiromatsu, Ishiwata, Sakamoto, & Nawa, 2003)
This article focusin the worms that are responsible of ictiozoonosis, more specific talking about the risks of eating sushi and sashimi. There are a wide variety of parasites that can infect the fish but only a small number of parasites can produce a disease in human being.
Parasites we can find in sushi and sashimi are Anisakis simplex, Pseudoterranova decipiens, Diphyllobothrium latum Gnathostoma sp,Capillaria phillippinensis, Clonorchis sinensis, Opistorchis viverrini, Metagonimus yokogawai, Paragonimus species, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Fasciola hepatica, Fasciolopsis buski. Nevertheless there are two parasites that most frequently cause human illness wich are Anisakis simplex and Diphyllobothrium latum. ((Nawa, Harz, & Blum, 2005)
Basic information
Anisakissimplex is a parasite belonging of the anisakidae family. The life cycle of this parasite involve fish and marine mammals, and can include one or more intermediary hosts. They are roughly 2 cm long when uncoiled. When in the final host are longer thicker and sturdier. (Ishida, Haraba, Egawa, Watabe, & Ebina, 2007)
This parasite can compromise human health through infection with worms from theeating of undercooked fish and through allergic reactions to chemicals left by the worms in fish flesh. (Audicana, & Malcom, 2008)
Cod, herring, mackerel and squid tend to be heavily infected for Anisakis larvae. (Nawa, Harz, & Blum, 2005)
Anisakiasis is associated with seafood consumption. Anually 1000 cases are reported in Japan and 50 cases in US. Cases of gastric anisakiasis aremost prevalent than extraintestinal anisakiasis. (Saul, 2005)
Diphyllobothrium latum is a cestode that belongs to the diphyllobotriidae family. (Santos, & Faro, 2005)
They are hermaphrodite and have not digestive system, they absorb the nutrients from the host through the soft corporal wall. The adult worm measured from 3 to 10 m length and it´s known as the tapeworm fish. (Santos, &Faro, 2005)
Specific information
The parasites found in sushi are Diphyllobotrium latum and Anisakis larvae. D.latum is most commonly found in Japanese restaurants and sushi bar on those dishes that include raw salmon, A. larvae can be found in almost every kind of fishes like cod, herring, mackerel and squid but only when people manipulate them at home is when they get infected, is very rare thatin a nice Japanese restaurant people get sick. (Azim, Dojki, Shamin, & Asim, 2008)

Anisakiasis
Herring harbor Anisakis spp, and cod harbor pseudoterranova decipiens, this two particular parasites cause anisakiasis, a gastrointestinal disease. (Mercado, 2001)
Human infection starts by ingestion of undercooked and raw fish contaminated with the larva that lives on the fish’s muscle and...