Proyecto De Desalinizacion

Project of English:
Desalination of the water
Project of English:
Desalination of the water

Introduction
Remember that water is necessary for the development of life and for many human activities. Also is scarce so it is necessary to develop systems that allow better use of water on our planet. Do not forget that the estimates indicate that the hydrosphere contains about 1386 million km3.The oceans account for three quarters of the Earth's surface and 97.5% of them has a salinity of more than 3% by weight, making it not work for agricultural, industrial or human.
The rest is fresh water, but 68.9% is in the form of ice permanently (no use) and the rest of water available, about 30% are groundwater and the rest (0.3%) is found in rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.
Development
Tobegin, Arica is a small city located in northern Chile, region XV in Arica y Parinacota inhabited by approximately 213,000 people(censo 2012). This city has a desert climate and little vegetation. Although it has a desert climate has two great valleys, the Azapa and Lluta.
Currently Arica drinking water, according to the Governor of the Region, José Miguel Alberto Durana Semir, boron levels inwater persist, although they face through the diversion of water with boric higher content and "desalinated water mixing with other more pure from wells Azapa ". However, the latter solution contributes to the overexploitation of water resources in the area, used for human consumption, mining and irrigation. Then more water is required for this process and there is aimed at obtaining seawater. "Themixture of desalinated water with other purer wells from Azapa"
The water of Arica also contains various minerals that can affect the health of people as the blood lead poisoning so it requires a constant treatment of the water.
One solution is to extract the sea water, but this is high in salt, thus creating a desalination plant to treat sea water and consume the sea water.
Cost:A majorcomplication to carry out this project is its high cost, is necessary the financing private companies to build of the plant of desalination , and the cost for desalinating a cubic meter of sea water is $625, price varies according to the energy and competitivity of the plant. That is, should produce at least 500 liters per second, to sustain the city of Arica.
Although desalination could solve theproblem of water quality in Arica, arouses no general support. Daily forums and various professionals in the region criticized the initiative. They oppose the facility because they believe that the region has yet to exploit resources such as groundwater, but they are wrong in the use of groundwater, as it is with a lot of minerals, which are harmful in large quantities for the health of individuals.The main environmental effects of implementing a desalination plant, depends on the technology used in the process, the type of inputs and sub products.
"Chile should focus on building desalination plants powered by solar energy to meet the demand for drinking water in the northern regions of the country in the next 10-15 years," ex Minister of Public Works, Sergio Bitar.

How does adesalination plant?
There are already more than fifteen thousand desalination plants in the world, in the United Arab Emirates, Spain and the United States the major nations that use this technology to get fresh water from the sea.
Early attempts to desalinate sea water, applied in the Middle East in mid-1950, were basically boil large quantities of water to remove the salt during evaporation, but itwas a very slow process and inordinate consumption energy, so that this system has been replaced by the technique of reverse osmosis using desalination plants worldwide.
This technology passes water through a series of membranes, applying mechanical pressure means which counteract the natural osmotic pressure, so that water is transferred from the area with higher salt concentrations at the...