Receta De Nopal

CHARLES DARWIN | AUDIO |
 
Welcome to "Explorations", in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember. This week, Barbara Klein and I tell about one of the most influential thinkers in science history.
about one of the most: acerca de uno de los más; influential thinkers: influyentes pensadores o filósofos; science history: historia de la ciencia;
 
Charles Darwin developed the theory of how livingthings develop from simpler organisms over long periods of time. That theory is known as evolution through natural selection.
developed: desarrolló; theory: teoría; living things: organismos vivos; develop: evolucionan; through natural selection: a través de la selección natural;
 
Charles Darwin read widely and sought ideas from other fields of study. He was influenced by Thomas Malthus’work, "An Essay on the Principle of Population" written in 1798. Malthus argued that populations are always limited by the food supply.
read widely: leía extensamente; sought ideas: buscó ideas [seek / sought / sought / seeking]; fields of study: disciplinas; influenced by: influido por; An Essay on the Principle of Population: Ensayo sobre el Principio de la Población; argued that: sostenía que;limited by: limitadas por; the food supply: el suministro de alimentos;
 
Darwin would later say that this work caused him to realize the struggle for limited resources was a fact of life. He said small changes took place in individual animals. Changes that helped them survive would continue. But those that did not would be destroyed. The result of this would be the formation of new species.would later say: expresaría más adelante; caused him to realize: le hizo darse cuenta de; struggle: lucha, puja; a fact of life: una triste realidad; took place: ocurrían; changes that helped them survive: los cambios que les ayudaran a sobrevivir; would continue: continuarían; would be destroyed: serían destruídos; the formation of a new species: la creación de una nueva especie;
 
The Britishphilosopher Herbert Spencer described this struggle as "survival of the fittest." But biologists use the term “natural selection” to describe the evolutionary process.
British philosopher: filósofo británico; survival of the fittest: supervivencia de los más aptos (la ley del más fuerte); biologists: los biólogos; evolutionary process: proceso evolutivo;
 
Charles Darwin developed his idea slowlyover more than twenty years. He was concerned that he would lose the support of the scientific community if he revealed it. He wrote to his friend, botanist Joseph Hooker, that speaking about evolution “was like confessing a murder.”
slowly: pausadamente; over more then: durante más de; concerned: preocupado; that he would lose: de perder; the support of the scientific community: el apoyo de lacomunidad científica; if he revealed it: si revelaba su idea; botanist: botánico; like confessing a murder: como confesar un asesinato;
 
It was not until 1858 that Darwin was forced to release his theory to the public. Another naturalist, Alfred Russel Wallace, had independently written a paper that contained ideas similar to Darwin's concerning evolution. Wallace had reached these ideas from hisstudies on islands in the western Pacific Ocean.
it was not until 1858 that: recién en 1858; was forced to release: se vio obligado a divulgar; naturalist: naturalista; a paper: un artículo; that contained ideas similar to Darwin's: que contenía ideas similares a las de Darwin; concerning evolution: con respecto a la evolución; had reached these ideas: había llegado a estas conclusiones; onislands: en islas; western: occidental;
 
With help from Darwin's friends, the two naturalists presented a joint scientific paper to the Linnean Society of London in July of 1858. At first there was little reaction.
with help from: con la ayuda de; joint scientific paper: artículo científico compartido; Linnean Society of London: Sociedad Linneana de Londres (sociedad científica); at first there...