Sistemas Ciber-Fisicos

44.1

Cyber-Physical Systems: The Next Computing Revolution
Ragunathan (Raj) Rajkumar Carnegie Mellon University Insup Lee University of Pennsylvania Lui Sha University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign John Stankovic University of Virginia at Charlottesville

control, factory automation, building and environmental control and smart spaces. CPS interact with the physical Cyber-physical systems(CPS) are physical and engineered world, and must operate dependably, safely, securely, and systems whose operations are monitored, coordinated, efficiently and in real-time. controlled and integrated by a computing and communication core. Just as the internet transformed how The World-Wide Web can be considered to be a humans interact with one another, cyber-physical systems confluence of threecore enabling technologies: hypertext, will transform how we interact with the physical world communication protocols like TCP/IP, and graphical around us. Many grand challenges await in the interfaces. This integration enabled significant leaps in economically vital domains of transportation, health-care, technology (e.g. graphics, networking, semantic webs, manufacturing, agriculture, energy,defense, aerospace and multimedia interfaces and languages), infrastructure (e.g. buildings. The design, construction and verification of global connectivity with increasing bandwidth, PCs for cyber-physical systems pose a multitude of technical every desktop and laptop) and applications (e.g. echallenges that must be addressed by a cross-disciplinary commerce, auctions, entertainment, digitallibraries, social networks and online communities). Likewise, CPS community of researchers and educators. can be considered to be a confluence of embedded General Terms: Theory, Design, Reliability, Performance, systems, real-time systems, distributed sensor systems and Security, Human Factors, Verification, Languages. controls. Keywords: cyber-physical systems, engineering, computer The promise of CPSis pushed by several recent trends: the science, grand challenges, new frontiers. proliferation of low-cost and increased-capability sensors of increasingly smaller form factor; the availability of low1. Introduction cost, low-power, high-capacity, small form-factor Computing and communication capabilities will soon be computing devices; the wireless communication embedded in all types of objectsand structures in the revolution; abundant internet bandwidth; continuing physical environment. Applications with enormous improvements in energy capacity, alternative energy societal impact and economic benefit will be created by sources and energy harvesting. The need for CPS harnessing these capabilities across both space and time. technologies is also being pulled by cyber-physical systemSuch systems that bridge the cyber-world of computing vendors in sectors like aerospace, building and and communications with the physical world are referred environmental control, critical infrastructure, process to as cyber-physical systems. Cyber-physical systems control, factory automation, and healthcare, who are (CPS) are physical and engineered systems whose increasingly finding that thetechnology base to build operations are monitored, coordinated, controlled and large-scale safety-critical CPS correctly, affordably, integrated by a computing and communication core. This flexibly and on schedule is seriously lacking. intimate coupling between the cyber and physical will be manifested from the nano-world to large-scale wide-area CPS bring together the discrete and powerful logic ofsystems of systems. The internet transformed how humans computing to monitor and control the continuous dynamics interact and communicate with one another, revolutionized of physical and engineered systems. The precision of how and where information is accessed, and even changed computing must interface with the uncertainty and the how people buy and sell products. Similarly, CPS will noise in the...