Tecnologia Naval

Introduction
Most readers of this paper tend to view ship construction from a technical perspective: requirements, design, engineering, analysis, production planning, and production. Sometimes forgotten is the fact that ship construction is a business’s venture and must succeed financially as well as technically. Otherwise, we also develops other aspect of the Ship, and it`s structure, technicalparts, and others. For example the hull is one part of the ship that requires extra concern during design and construction. In the history of naval architecture, hull designs have evolved over a period of time. Engineers have been continuously innovating hull designs to provide greater structural strength. As hull is continuously in contact with water, it is under the effect of different typesof forces acting at the same time. Not only that, a hull requires high durability and resistance to prevent structural damage in case of collision or grounding. Naval architects use different methods for hull construction keeping in mind the purpose and type of ship. In this article we will have a look at the basic ship hull designs which are commonly used.

Ship Construction

Ship Constructionis one of the oldest branches of engineering, is responsible for the construction of the hulls of boats and for sailboats, the masts and rigging.

Ship Building Cost
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and floating vessels.
A ship is not something which you would normally go and buy immediately (of course this can be said about boats or second hand marine engines or ships) but most ofthe ships are custom built for the clients by shipyards across the world. Since a customer would do quite a bit of shopping around before they actually order a ship, the shipyards usually give an approximate estimate for the ship cost and timeframe of construction in order to bid for a particular order.
Herein lays the dilemma for if the shipyard grossly overestimates the cost, they risk losingthe order to a competitor, but if they quote too low a price then they might end up paying from their own pocket instead of having a profit at the end of the day when the ship is constructed and delivered. Hence it is very important to correctly estimate the construction cost of a ship within a reasonable error limit.

Just to give you a rough idea about the scale of the costs, take a look atthe graph given alongside and you will see how the shipbuilding costs have risen over a period of time of the past 7 decades as well as the percentage change in the ratio of men and material required for ship construction. You will be amused to note that the current costs have risen nearly 12 times since then which is understandable but another interesting aspect is that the cost of skilledpersonnel has grown faster than the cost of material for constructing a ship these days.
As you can intuitively imagine a ship consists of hundreds of different machineries and components which relate to diverse fields and areas of technical expertise, hence the process of cost estimation of a ship is not something about a couple of people sitting at the table with calculators; rather it is a fullfledged exercise which needs to be carried out with the utmost care and diligence lest there are huge errors in estimation. Some of the common challenges in ship cost estimation are as follows.
* A ship is a huge structure and has lots of different components, machineries and departments.
* There is a possibility of lack of communication or ineffective communication between the diversedepartments.
* The client may not be able to supply full requirements in detail and this could hamper cost estimation process.
* Lack of standardized and globally accepted procedures for cost estimation adds to the confusion.
* Although new building cost estimation is quite challenging, there are hurdles in the way of estimating cost of major repairs, overhaul and disposal as...