Thermal Analysis Of Polymeric Materials

Bernhard Wunderlich Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials

Bernhard Wunderlich

Thermal Analysis of Polymeric Materials
With 974 Figures

123

Prof. Dr. Bernhard Wunderlich 200 Baltusrol Road Knoxville, TN 37922-3707 USA wunderlich@chartertn.net

Library of Congress Controll Number: 2004114977

ISBN 3-540-23629-5 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York
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Preface

Thermal analysis is an old technique. It has been neglected to some degree because developments of convenient methods of measurement have been slow and teaching of the understanding of the basics of thermal analysis is often wanting. Flexible, linear macromolecules, also not as accurately simply called polymers, make up the final, third, class of molecules which only wasidentified in 1920. Polymers have never been fully integrated into the disciplines of science and engineering. This book is designed to teach thermal analysis and the understanding of all materials, flexible macromolecules, as well as those of the small molecules and rigid macromolecules. The macroscopic tool of inquiry is thermal analysis, and the results are linked to microscopic molecularstructure and motion. Measurements of heat and mass are the two roots of quantitative science. The macroscopic heat is connected to the microscopic atomic motion, while the macroscopic mass is linked to the microscopic atomic structure. The macroscopic units of measurement of heat and mass are the joule and the gram, chosen to be easily discernable by the human senses. The microscopic units of motion andstructure are the picosecond (10 12 seconds) and the ångstrom (10 10 meters), chosen to fit the atomic scales. One notes a factor of 10,000 between the two atomic units when expressed in “human” units, second and gram—with one gram being equal to one cubic centimeter when considering water. Perhaps this is the reason for the much better understanding and greater interest in the structure ofmaterials, being closer to human experience when compared to molecular motion. In the 19th century the description of materials could be based for the first time on an experiment-based atomic theory. This permitted an easy recognition of the differences between phases and molecules. Phases are macroscopic, homogeneous volumes of matter, separated from other phases by well-defined boundaries, andmolecules are the constituent smallest particles that make up the phases. As research progressed, microphases were discovered, initially in the form of colloidal dispersions. More recently, it was recognized that phase-areas may be of nanometer dimensions (nanophases). On the other hand, flexible macromolecules have micrometer lengths or larger. Particularly the nanophases may then have structures with...