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Approach lighting system
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The approach lighting system of Sarajevo International Airport


The approach lighting system of Bremen Airport
An approach lighting system, or ALS, is a lighting system installed on the approach end of an airport runway and consisting of a series of lightbars, strobe lights, or a combinationof the two that extends outward from the runway end. ALS usually serves a runway that has an instrument approach procedure (IAP) associated with it and allows the pilot to visually identify the runway environment and align the aircraft with the runway upon arriving at a prescribed point on an approach.
The required minimum visibility for instrument approaches is influenced by the presence and typeof approach light system. In the U.S., a CAT I ILS approach without approach lights will have a minimum required visibility of 3/4 mile, or 4000 foot runway visual range. With a 1400 foot or longer approach light system, the minimum potential visibility might be reduced to 1/2 mile (2400 runway visual range), and the presence of touchdown zone and centerline lights with a suitable approach lightsystem might further reduce the visibility to 3/8 mile (1800 feet runway visual range). The degree to which approach lights decrease visibility minimums is dependent upon a number of clearance surfaces, and whether the surfaces are penetrated by any objects.
The runway lighting is controlled by the air traffic control tower. At uncontrolled airports, Pilot Controlled Lighting may be installedwhich can be switched on by the pilot via radio. In both cases, the brightness of the lights can be adjusted for day and night operations.
Depth perception is inoperative at the distances usually involved in flying aircraft, and so the position and distance of a runway with respect to an aircraft must be judged by a pilot using only two-dimensional cues such as perspective, as well as angular sizeand movement within the visual field. Approach lighting systems provide additional cues that bear a known relationship to the runway itself and help pilots to judge distance and alignment for landing.
Contents
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1 Decision bar
2 Configurations
3 References
4 See also
[edit] Decision bar
All approach Lighting Systems in the United States utilize a feature called the Decision Bar. TheDecision Bar is always located 1000' from the threshold, and it serves as a visible horizon to ease the transition from instrument flight to visual flight.
Approach Light Systems are designed to allow the pilot to quickly and positively identify visibility distances in Instrument meteorological conditions. For example, if the aircraft is at the Middle Marker, and the Middle Marker is located 3600'from the threshold, the Decision Bar is 2600' ahead. If the procedure calls for at least ½ statute mile flight visibility (roughly 2600'), spotting the Decision Bar at the marker would indicate enough flight visibility to continue the procedure. In addition, the shorter bars before and after the Decision Bar are spaced either 100' or 200' apart depending on the ALS type. The number of short barsthe pilot can see can be used to determine flight visibility. Approaches with lower minimums use the more precise 100' spacing systems for more accurate identification of visibility.[1]
Enfoque de sistema de iluminación
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El sistema de iluminación de aproximación del Aeropuerto Internacional de Sarajevo
El sistema deiluminación de aproximación del aeropuerto de Bremen

Un sistema de iluminación de aproximación, o esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, es un sistema de iluminación instalado en el extremo de aproximación de una pista del aeropuerto y que consiste en una serie de barras de luces, luces estroboscópicas, o una combinación de los dos que se extiende hacia afuera desde el extremo de pista. ELA generalmente...