Ahahha

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result.
Form of Present Perfect
  |Positive | Negative | Question |
I / you / we / they | I have spoken. | I have not spoken. | Have I spoken? |
he / she / it | He has spoken. | He has not spoken. | Has he spoken? |
Use of PresentPerfect
* puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
* action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
* action that stopped recentlyExample: She has cooked dinner.
* finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
* action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment ofspeaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
There are certain words in English that are usually followed by an infinitive or gerund. If you are not sure whether to use the infinitive orgerund, check out our lists or look the words up in a dictionary.
Infinitive
Use
Certain words are followed by an infinite verb with or without ‘to’.
Use and Word Lists | Example |
as the subject ofa clause | To know you is to love you. |
after certain expressions (without ‘to’) | Why not go to the cinema? |
after certain verbs (without ‘to’) | I can swim. |
after certain verbs (with ‘to’)| He wants to swim. |
after certain verbs with interrogatives (infinitive constructions) | They don’t know how to swim. |
after certain verbs with objects (without ‘to’) | He made her swim. |after certain verbs with objects (with ‘to’) | They wanted him to swim. |
after certain adjectives and their comparisons | It’s easier to swim downstream. |
after nouns deriving from the verbsmentioned above | We made a promise to swim. (derived from the verb ‘to promise’) |
Gerund
Form
ing form of the verb
Exceptions in Spelling
See → Present Progressive – Exceptions
Use
Certain...